Method for making photofunctional contact lenses

ABSTRACT

Described herein is a method for producing a contact lens comprising a central zone that has a diameter of about 13 mm or less, is concentric with the central axis of the contact lens, and possesses at least one photo functionality. The method comprises: applying a first polymerizable fluid composition containing at least one photochemically functional compound on a central portion of the molding surface of a female mold half to form a circular layer; partially curing, in situ, the circular layer in the female mold half; dispensing a second polymerizable fluid composition over the partially-cured circular layer on the molding surface of the female mold half; and a step of curing the second polymerizable fluid composition and the partially-cured circular layer immersed therein in the mold cavity formed between the the molding surfaces of the female mold half and a male mold half.

This application claims the benefits under 35 USC § 119 (e) of U.S. provisional application Nos. 63/158,064 and 63/158,071, both filed on 8 Mar. 2021, incorporated by references in their entireties.

This invention is related to a method for producing contact lenses, in particular, silicone hydrogel contact lenses, having a central optical zone that possesses at least one photo functionality. This invention also provides contact lenses made according to a method of the invention.

BACKGROUND

Conventionally, UV-absorbing compounds have been incorporated into contact lenses to make UV-absorbing contact lenses to protect eyes from UV-radiations. Recently, there have been proposed various photochromic contact lenses for protecting eyes from UV-radiations (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,681,412, 6,017,121, 6,174,464, 6,224,945, 7,261,844, 7,368,072, 7,556,750, 7,560,056, 7,584,630, 7,641,337, 7,999,989, 8,158,037, 8,697,770, 8,741,188, 9,052,438, 9,097,916, 9,377,569, 9,465,234, 9,904,074, 10,197,707). Those proposed photochromic contact lenses contains photochromic compounds which are capable of undergoing a reversible color change, e.g., from “clear” to blue or other color, upon exposure to UV/HEVL radiation.

Typically, photochromic contact lenses can be obtained by adding a photochromic compound in a polymerizable composition (i.e., lens formulation) for forming the contact lenses and then by curing the polymerizable composition in contact lens molds according to a cast-molding lens manufacturing process. A conventional cast-molding lens manufacturing process comprises: one single-step curing (polymerizing) of one single polymerizable composition (lens formulation) within disposable plastic molds typically consisting of two single-use mold halves; opening molds; optionally but preferably delensing (i.e., removing cast-molded lenses from the molds); and being subjected to various post-molding processes including extraction, hydration, packaging, and sterilization, etc.

However, photochromic contact lenses obtained according to such a conventional cast-molding process have photochromic compound incorporated uniformly within the polymer matrix of the photochromic contact lenses and are, from edge-to-edge, capable of undergoing a reversible color change upon exposure to UV/HEVL-radiation. Such photochromic contact lenses are not desirable for cosmetic reasons. It would be desirable to produce a photochromic contact lens that changes color only in the central pupil region.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,368,072, 7,560,056, 8,697,770 and 9,904,074 disclose methods for making photochromic contact lenses only the central pupillary regions of which can undergo a reversible color change upon exposure to UV/HEVL-radiation. Those methods comprise steps of: dosing a photochromic lens-forming composition onto the central region of the molding surface of a mold half and followed by adding a clear lens-forming composition on the top of the photochromic lens-forming composition, wherein the photochromic lens-forming composition has a viscosity much higher than the clear lens-forming composition; mating with the other mold half to form a cavity with the photochromic and clear lens-forming compositions therewithin; and curing the photochromic and clear lens-forming compositions within the cavity of the mold to form the photochromic contact lens. However, handling and dosing of a high viscous photochromic lens-forming composition could be challenging in a production environment.

Therefore, there is still a need for a method for making hydrogel contact lenses only the central pupillary regions of which posseses at least one photo functionality.

SUMMARY

The invention, in some aspects, provides a method for producing hydrogel contact lenses, comprising the steps of: (1) obtain a first polymerizable fluid composition and a second polymerizable fluid composition, wherein the first polymerizable fluid composition comprises at least one photoinitiator and at least one polymerizable material and is free of any photochemically functional compound, wherein the second polymerizable fluid composition comprises said at least one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material and additionally at least one photochemically functional compound, wherein difference in the concentration of each component of said at least one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material between in the first polymerizable composition and in the second polymerizable fluid composition is about 5.0% or less, wherein said at least one photochemically functional compound is at least one photochromic compound, at least one UV/HEVL absorbing compound, at least one fluorescent compound, at least one color-filtering material for correcting color blindness, at least one diffractive material, at least one high refractive-index material, or combinations thereof, wherein the first polymerizable fluid composition has a first curing time and the second polymerizable fluid composition has a second curing time, wherein the first and second curing times are determined in photo-rheology study using a UV/visible light at a specified intensity; (2) obtaining a lens mold, wherein the lens mold comprises a female mold half having a first molding surface defining the anterior surface of a contact lens to be molded and a male mold half having a second molding surface defining the posterior surface of the contact lens to be molded, wherein the female and male mold halves are configured to receive each other such that a mold cavity is formed between the first and second molding surfaces when the mold is closed; (3) applying an amount of the second polymerizable fluid composition onto a central zone of the first molding of the female mold half to form a circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition, wherein the circular layer has a diameter of about 13.00 mm or less; (4) irradiating with the UV/visible light at the specified intensity the circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition for a time period that is about 5% to about 75% of the second curing time, to partially crosslink the circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition; (5) dispensing an amount of the first polymerizable fluid composition over the partially-crosslinked circular layer on the central zone of the first molding surface; (6) closing the female mold half with the male mold half to form a molding assembly comprising the partially crosslinked circular layer immersed in the first polymerizable fluid composition within the mold cavity; (7) irradiating with the UV/visible light at the specified intensity the molding assembly for a time that is at least about 120% of the first curing time to form an unprocessed hydrogel contact lens having a central zone that has a diameter of about 13 mm or less, is concentric with the central axis of the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens, and possesses at least one photochemical functionality provided by said at least one photochemically functional compound; (8) separating the molding assembly into the male and female mold halves, with the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens adhered onto a lens-adhered mold half which is one of the male and female mold halves; (9) removing the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens from the lens-adhered mold half; and (10) subjecting the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens to post-molding processes including a hydration process and one or more other processes selected from the group consisting of extraction, surface treatment, packaging, sterilization, and combinations thereof.

The invention, in other aspects, provides contact lenses produced according to a method of the invention

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a hydrogel contact lens according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a photo-rheology study of Lens Formulations 2A and 2B.

FIG. 3 shows photo-rheology studies of Lens Formulations 3A and 3B.

FIG. 4 shows UV/visible absorption spectra of the central photochromic zone and the peripheral zone (outside of the central photochromic zone) of a hydrogel cocontact lens at “on” and “off” states according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Generally, the nomenclature used herein and the laboratory procedures are well known and commonly employed in the art. Conventional methods are used for these procedures, such as those provided in the art and various general references. Where a term is provided in the singular, the inventors also contemplate the plural of that term. The nomenclature used herein and the laboratory procedures described below are those well known and commonly employed in the art.

“About” as used herein means that a number referred to as “about” comprises the recited number plus or minus 1-10% of that recited number.

“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance can or cannot occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.

“Contact Lens” refers to a structure that can be placed on or within a wearer's eye. A contact lens can correct, improve, or alter a user's eyesight, but that need not be the case. A contact lens can be of any appropriate material known in the art or later developed, and can be a soft lens, a hard lens, or a hybrid lens.

A “hydrogel contact lens” refers to a contact lens comprising a hydrogel bulk (core) material. A hydrogel bulk material can be a non-silicone hydrogel material or preferably a silicone hydrogel (SiHy) material.

A “hydrogel” or “hydrogel material” refers to a crosslinked polymeric material which has three-dimensional polymer networks (i.e., polymer matrix), is insoluble in water, but can hold at least 10% by weight of water in its polymer matrix when it is fully hydrated (or equilibrated).

A “silicone hydrogel” or “SiHy” refers to a silicone-containing hydrogel obtained by copolymerization of a polymerizable composition comprising at least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer and/or at least one silicone-containing vinylic crosslinker.

A “siloxane” or “silicone”, as known to a person skilled in the art, interchangeably refers to a moiety of —Si—O—Si— where each Si atom carries at least two substituents (organic groups) or a molecule having at least one moiety of —Si—O—Si—.

As used in this application, the term “non-silicone hydrogel” refers to a hydrogel that is theoretically free of silicon.

“Hydrophilic,” as used herein, describes a material or portion thereof that will more readily associate with water than with lipids.

A “vinylic monomer” refers to a compound that has one sole ethylenically unsaturated group, is soluble in a solvent, and can be polymerized actinically or thermally.

The term “soluble”, in reference to a compound or material in a solvent, means that the compound or material can be dissolved in the solvent to give a solution with a concentration of at least about 0.5% by weight at room temperature (i.e., a temperature of about 22° C. to about 26° C.).

The term “insoluble”, in reference to a compound or material in a solvent, means that the compound or material can be dissolved in the solvent to give a solution with a concentration of less than 0.01% by weight at room temperature (as defined above).

The term “ethylenically unsaturated group” is employed herein in a broad sense and is intended to encompass any groups containing at least one >C═C<group. Exemplary ethylenically unsaturated groups include without limitation (meth)acryloyl

allyl, vinyl, styrenyl, or other C═C containing groups.

As used herein, “actinically” in reference to curing, crosslinking or polymerizing of a polymerizable composition, a prepolymer or a material means that the curing (e.g., crosslinked and/or polymerized) is performed by actinic irradiation, e.g., UV/visible light irradiation, or the like. Thermal curing or actinic curing methods are well-known to a person skilled in the art.

An “acrylic monomer” refers to a vinylic monomer having one sole (meth)acryloyl group. Examples of acrylic monomers includes (meth)acryloxy [or(meth)acryloyloxy] monomers and (meth)acrylamido monomers.

An “(meth)acryloxy monomer” or “(meth)acryloyloxy monomer” refers to a vinylic monomer having one sole group of

An “(meth)acrylamido monomer” refers to a vinylic monomer having one sole group of

in which R^(o) is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

The term “(meth)acrylamide” refers to methacrylamide and/or acrylamide.

The term “(meth)acrylate” refers to methacrylate and/or acrylate.

An “N-vinyl amide monomer” refers to an amide compound having a vinyl group (—CH═CH₂) that is directly attached to the nitrogen atom of the amide group.

An “ene monomer” refers to a vinylic monomer having one sole ene group.

A “hydrophilic vinylic monomer”, a “hydrophilic acrylic monomer”, a “hydrophilic (meth)acryloxy monomer”, or a “hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomer”, as used herein, respectively refers to a vinylic monomer, an acrylic monomer, a (meth)acryloxy monomer, or a (meth)acrylamido monomer), which typically yields a homopolymer that is water-soluble or can absorb at least 10 percent by weight of water.

A “hydrophobic vinylic monomer”, a “hydrophobic acrylic monomer”, a “hydrophobic (meth)acryloxy monomer”, or a “hydrophobic (meth)acrylamido monomer”, as used herein, respectively refers to a vinylic monomer, an acrylic monomer, a (meth)acryloxy monomer, or a (meth)acrylamido monomer), which typically yields a homopolymer that is insoluble in water and can absorb less than 10% by weight of water.

As used in this application, the term “vinylic crosslinker” refers to an organic compound having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups. A “vinylic crosslinking agent” refers to a vinylic crosslinker having a molecular weight of 700 Daltons or less.

A “polysiloxane segment” or “polydiorganosiloxane segment” interchangeably refers to a polymer chain segment (i.e., a divalent radical) of

in which SN is an integer of 3 or larger and each of R_(S1) and R_(S2) independent of one another are selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₁₀ alkyl; phenyl; C₁-C₄-alkyl-substituted phenyl; C₁-C₄-alkoxy-substituted phenyl; phenyl-C₁-C₆-alkyl; C₁-C₁₀ fluoroalkyl; C₁-C₁₀ fluoroether; aryl; aryl C₁-C₁₈ alkyl; -alk-(OC₂H₄)_(γ1)—OR^(o) (in which alk is C₁-C₆ alkylene diradical, R^(o) is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl and γ1 is an integer from 1 to 10); a C₂-C₄₀ organic radical having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group (—OH), carboxyl group (—COOH), amino linkages of —NR_(N1)—, amide linkages of —CONR_(N1)—, amide of—CONR_(N1)R_(N1)′, urethane linkages of —OCONH—, and C₁-C₄ alkoxy group, or a linear hydrophilic polymer chain, in which R_(N1) and R_(N1)′ independent of each other are hydrogen or a C₁-C₁₅ alkyl.

A “polydiorganosiloxane vinylic crosslinker” or “polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker” interchangeably refers to a compound comprising at least one polysiloxane segment and at least two ethylenically-unsaturated groups.

A “linear polydiorganosiloxane vinylic crosslinker” or “linear polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker” interchangeably refers to a compound comprising a main chain which includes at least one polysiloxane segment and is terminated with one ethylenically-unsaturated group at each of the two ends of the main chain.

A “chain-extended polydiorganosiloxane vinylic crosslinker” or “chain-extended polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker” interchangeably refers to a compound comprising at least two ethylenically-unsaturated groups and at least two polysiloxane segments each pair of which are linked by one divalent radical.

The term “photochromic vinylic monomer” refers to a vinylic monomer that has one colorless (or light-colored) form and one colored form and can undergo reversible change from the colorless form (or light-colored form) (or so-called “deactivated form” to the colored form (or so-called “activated form”) upon exposure to UV/HEVL radiation.

The term “colorless or light-colored stated” or “inactivated state” in reference to a photochromic contact lens means the original state of the photochromic contact lens before the photochromic contact lens is irradiated with UV/HEVL light. In this state, the photochromic contact lens typically is colorless or shows a faint color as observed by a naked eye.

The term “colored stated” or “activated state” in reference to a photochromic contact lens means a state of the photochromic contact lens when the photochromic contact lens is being irradiated with UV/HEVL light. In this state, the photochromic contact lens typically shows a dark color as observed by a naked eye.

The term “fluid” as used herein indicates that a material is capable of flowing like a liquid.

As used in this application, the term “clear” in reference to a polymerizable composition means that the polymerizable composition is a transparent solution or liquid mixture having a light transmissibility of 85% or greater (preferably 90% or greater) in the range between 400 nm to 700 nm.

A free radical initiator can be either a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator. A “photoinitiator” refers to a chemical that initiates free radical crosslinking/polymerizing reaction by the use of UV and/or visible light. A “thermal initiator” refers to a chemical that initiates radical crosslinking/polymerizing reaction by the use of heat energy.

The term “acyl germanium photoinitiator” refers to an organogermanium compound that is a germanium-based Norrish Type I photoinitiator and comprises at least one acrylcarbonyl group connected to germanium. Examples of such acyl germanium photoinitiators are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,605,190 and 10,324,311.

As used in this application, the term “polymer” means a material formed by polymerizing/crosslinking one or more monomers or macromers or prepolymers or combinations thereof.

A “macromer” or “prepolymer” refers to a compound or polymer that contains ethylenically unsaturated groups and has a number average molecular weight of greater than 700 Daltons.

As used in this application, the term “molecular weight” of a polymeric material (including monomeric or macromeric materials) refers to the number-average molecular weight unless otherwise specifically noted or unless testing conditions indicate otherwise. A skilled person knows how to determine the molecular weight of a polymer according to known methods, e.g., GPC (gel permeation chromatochraphy) with one or more of a refractive index detector, a low-angle laser light scattering detector, a multi-angle laser light scattering detector, a differential viscometry detector, a UV detector, and an infrared (IR) detector; MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy); ¹H NMR (Proton nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, etc.

The term “monovalent radical” refers to an organic radical that is obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an organic compound and that forms one bond with one other group in an organic compound. Examples include without limitation, alkyl (by removal of a hydrogen atom from an alkane), alkoxy (or alkoxyl) (by removal of one hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl group of an alkyl alcohol), thiyl (by removal of one hydrogen atom from the thiol group of an alkylthiol), cycloalkyl (by removal of a hydrogen atom from a cycloalkane), cycloheteroalkyl (by removal of a hydrogen atom from a cycloheteroalkane), aryl (by removal of a hydrogen atom from an aromatic ring of the aromatic hydrocarbon), heteroaryl (by removal of a hydrogen atom from any ring atom), amino (by removal of one hydrogel atom from an amine), etc.

The term “divalent radical” refers to an organic radical that is obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an organic compound and that forms two bonds with other two groups in an organic compound. For example, an alkylene divalent radical (i.e., alkylenyl) is obtained by removal of two hydrogen atoms from an alkane, a cycloalkylene divalent radical (i.e., cycloalkylenyl) is obtained by removal of two hydrogen atoms from the cyclic ring.

In this application, the term “substituted” in reference to an alkyl or an alkylenyl means that the alkyl or the alkylenyl comprises at least one substituent which replaces one hydrogen atom of the alkyl or the alkylenyl and is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl (—OH), carboxyl (—COOH), —NH₂, sulfhydryl (—SH), C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio (alkyl sulfide), C₁-C₄ acylamino, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di-C₁-C₄ alkylamino, and combinations thereof.

The term “terminal ethylenically-unsaturated group” refers to one ethylenically-unsaturated group at one of the two ends of the main chain (or backbone) of an organic compound as known to a person skilled in the art.

A “blending vinylic monomer” refers to a vinylic monomer capable of dissolving both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components of a polymerizable composition to form a solution.

“Post-curing surface treatment”, in reference to a SiHy contact lens, means a surface treatment process that is performed after the SiHy contact lens is formed by curing (i.e., thermally or actinically polymerizing) a SiHy lens formulation.

The term “silicone hydrogel lens formulation” or “SiHy lens formulation” interchangeably refers to a polymerizable composition that comprises all necessary polymerizable components for producing a SiHy contact lens or a SiHy material as well known to a person skilled in the art.

A “UV-absorbing vinylic monomer” refers to a compound comprising an ethylenically-unsaturated group and a UV-absorbing moiety which can absorb or screen out UV radiation in the range from 200 nm to 400 nm as understood by a person skilled in the art.

A “HEVL-absorbing vinylic monomer” refers to a compound comprising an ethylenically-unsaturated group and a HEVL-absorbing moiety which can absorb or screen out HEVL (high-energy-violet-light) radiation in the range from 380 nm to 440 nm as understood by a person skilled in the art.

“UVA” refers to radiation occurring at wavelengths between 315 and 380 nanometers; “UVB” refers to radiation occurring between 280 and 315 nanometers; “Violet” refers to radiation occurring at wavelengths between 380 and 440 nanometers.

“UVA transmittance” (or “UVA % T”), “UVB transmittance” or “UVB % T”, and “violet-transmittance” or “Violet % T” are calculated by the following formula.

UVA % T=Average % Transmission between 315 nm and 380 nm×100

UVB % T=Average % Transmission between 280 nm and 315 nm×100

Violet % T=Average % Transmission between 380 nm and 440 nm×100

The intrinsic “oxygen permeability”, Dk_(i), of a material is the rate at which oxygen will pass through a material. As used in this application, the term “oxygen permeability (Dk)” in reference to a hydrogel (silicone or non-silicone) or a contact lens means a corected oxygen permeability (Dk_(c)) which is measured at about 34-35° C. and corrected for the surface resistance to oxygen flux caused by the boundary layer effect according to the procedures described in ISO 18369-4. Oxygen permeability is conventionally expressed in units of barrers, where “barrer” is defined as [(cm³ oxygen)(cm)/(cm²)(sec)(mm Hg)]×10⁻⁹.

The “oxygen transmissibility”, Dk/t, of a lens or material is the rate at which oxygen will pass through a specific lens or material with an average thickness of t [in units of mm] over the area being measured. Oxygen transmissibility is conventionally expressed in units of barrers/mm, where “barrers/mm” is defined as [(cm³ oxygen)/(cm²)(sec)(mm Hg)]×10⁻⁹.

The term “modulus” or “elastic modulus” in reference to a contact lens or a material means the tensile modulus or Young's modulus which is a measure of the stiffness of a contact lens or a material in tension. A person skilled in the art knows well how to determine the elastic modulus of a SiHy material or a contact lens. For example, all commercial contact lenses have reported values of elastic modulus.

An “unprocessed state” refers to a contact lens which is obtained by cast-molding of a polymerizable composition in a mold and has not been subjected to extraction and/or hydration post-molding processes (i.e., having not been in contact with water or any organic solvent or any liquid after molding).

A “male mold half” or “base curve mold half” interchangeably refers to a mold half having a molding surface that is a substantially convex surface and that defines the posterior surface of a contact lens.

A “female mold half” or “front curve mold half” interchangeably refers to a mold half having a molding surface that is a substantially concave surface and that defines the anterior surface of a contact lens.

The term “anterior surface”, “front surface”, “front curve surface” or “FC surface” in reference to a contact lens, as used in this application, interchangeably means a surface of the contact lens that faces away from the eye during wear. The anterior surface (front surface) is typically substantially convex.

The “posterior surface”, “back surface”, “base curve surface” or “BC surface” in reference to a contact lens, as used in this application, interchangeably means a surface of the contact lens or insert that faces towards the eye during wear. The posterior surface (back surface) is typically substantially concave.

A “coating” in reference to a contact lens means that the contact lens has, on its surfaces, a thin layer of a material that is different from the bulk material of the contact lens and obtained by subjecting the contact lens to a surface treatment.

“Surface modification” or “surface treatment”, as used herein, means that an article has been treated in a surface treatment process, in which (1) a coating is applied to the surface of the article, (2) chemical species are adsorbed onto the surface of the article, (3) the chemical nature (e.g., electrostatic charge) of chemical groups on the surface of the article are altered, or (4) the surface properties of the article are otherwise modified. Exemplary surface treatment processes include, but are not limited to, a surface treatment by energy (e.g., a plasma, a static electrical charge, radiation, or other energy source), chemical treatments, the grafting of hydrophilic vinylic monomers or macromers onto the surface of an article, mold-transfer coating process disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,719,929, the incorporation of wetting agents into a lens formulation for making contact lenses proposed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,367,929 and 6,822,016, reinforced mold-transfer coating disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,858,000, and a hydrophilic coating composed of covalent attachment or physical deposition of one or more layers of one or more hydrophilic polymer onto the surface of a contact lens disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,147,897, 8,409,599, 8,557,334, 8,529,057, and 9,505,184.

A “hydrophilic surface” in reference to a material or a contact lens means that the material or the contact lens has a surface hydrophilicity characterized by having an averaged water contact angle of about 90 degrees or less, preferably about 80 degrees or less, more preferably about 70 degrees or less, more preferably about 60 degrees or less.

An “average contact angle” refers to a water contact angle (static water contact angle measured by Sessile Drop), which is obtained by averaging measurements of at least 3 individual contact lenses.

The term “central axis” in reference to a contact lens means a line passing through the geometrical centers of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the contact lens.

In general, the invention is directed to a method for making contact lenses, in particular, SiHy contact lenses, each of which comprises a central zone that has a diameter of about 13 mm or less, is concentric with the central axis of the contact lens, and possesses at least one photochemical functionality.

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a contact lens of the invention. The contact lens 100 has an aterior surface 102, an opposite posterior surface, a central axis 101, and a central zone 110 that has a diameter 120, is concentric with the central axis 101 of the contact lens 100. The central zone 110 comprises at least one photochemically functional compound that is distributed in its front portion 112 (a portion near and including a central portion of the anterior surface) and provides at least one photochemical functionality to the central zone.

The invention is partly based on the discovery that such contact lenses can be produced according to a process involving: a first step of dosing—applying a small amount of a first polymerizable fluid composition containing at least one photochemically functional compound on a central portion of the molding surface of a female mold half to form a circular layer of the first polymerizable fluid composition; a 1^(st) step of curing—partially curing, in situ, the circular layer of the polymerizable fluid composition in the female mold half; a 2^(nd) step of dosing—introducing an amount of a second polymerizable fluid composition over the partially-cured circular layer on the molding surface of the female mold half; and a 2nd step of curing—curing the second polymerizable fluid composition and the partially-cured circular layer immersed therein in the mold cavity formed between the the molding surfaces of the female mold half and a male mold half. The second polymerizable fluid composition are substantially identical to the first polymerizable fluid composition except that the second polymerizable fluid composition is free of said at least one photochemically functional compound present in the first polymerizable fluid composition.

It is found that the partial curing of the first polymerizable fluid composition can be achieved by controlling the amount of actinic irradiation exposed on the circular layer in the female mold half (e.g., through controlling the exposure time of the the actinic irradiation). After the partial curing, the polymerizable components in the partially-cured circular layer of the first polymerizable fluid composition will not be able to diffuse into and to blend with the second polymerizable fluid composition. But, the second polymerizable fluid composition may still be able to diffuse, at least partially, into the partially-cured circular layer in the molding assembly. Then, the subsequent curing step will produce contact lenses, each of which comprises a central zone that has a diameter of about 13 mm or less, is concentric with the central axis of the unprocessed contact lens, and possesses at least one photochemical functionality.

A method of the invention can offer the following advantages. First, the entire contact lens is fabricated with same material. This approach can avoid issues of lens physical integrity which is often encounter when a lens is composed with two different materials. It can also avoid issue of delamination or lens distortion because there is no or minimized changes in lens swelling in different parts of a contact lens. Further, the photochemical functionalities is limited in the optical zone of a contact lens, i.e., over the pupil area of an eye when being worn. Any color associated with the photochemical functionality would have minimized adverse impacts upon the perception for an end user and his/her surrounding people.

In some aspects, the invention provides a method for producing hydrogel contact lenses, comprising the steps of: (1) obtain a first polymerizable fluid composition and a second polymerizable fluid composition, wherein the first polymerizable fluid composition comprises at least one photoinitiator and at least one polymerizable material and is free of any photochemically functional compound, wherein the second polymerizable fluid composition comprises said at least one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material and additionally at least one photochemically functional compound, wherein difference in the concentration of each component of said at least one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material between in the first polymerizable composition and in the second polymerizable fluid composition is about 5.0% or less, wherein said at least one photochemically functional compound is at least one photochromic compound, at least one UV/HEVL absorbing compound, at least one fluorescent compound, at least one color-filtering material for correcting color blindness, at least one diffractive material, at least one high refractive-index material, or combinations thereof, wherein the first polymerizable fluid composition has a first curing time and the second polymerizable fluid composition has a second curing time, wherein the first and second curing times are determined in photo-rheology study using a UV/visible light at a specified intensity; (2) obtaining a lens mold, wherein the lens mold comprises a female mold half having a first molding surface defining the anterior surface of a contact lens to be molded and a male mold half having a second molding surface defining the posterior surface of the contact lens to be molded, wherein the female and male mold halves are configured to receive each other such that a mold cavity is formed between the first and second molding surfaces when the mold is closed; (3) applying an amount of the second polymerizable fluid composition onto a central zone of the first molding of the female mold half to form a circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition, wherein the circular layer has a diameter of about 13.0 mm or less; (4) irradiating with the UV/visible light at the specified intensity the circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition for a time period that is about 5% to about 75% (preferably from about 5% to about 65%, more preferably from about 5% to about 50%, even more preferably from about 5% to about 40%) of the second curing time, to partially crosslink the circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition; (5) dispensing an amount of the first polymerizable fluid composition over the partially-crosslinked circular layer on the central zone of the first molding surface; (6) closing the female mold half with the male mold half to form a molding assembly comprising the partially crosslinked circular layer immersed in the first polymerizable fluid composition within the mold cavity; (7) irradiating with the UV/visible light at the specified intensity the molding assembly for a time that is at least about 120% of the first curing time to form an unprocessed hydrogel contact lens having a central zone that has a diameter of about 13 mm or less, is concentric with the central axis of the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens, and possesses at least one photochemical functionality provided by said at least one photochemically functional compound; (8) separating the molding assembly into the male and female mold halves, with the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens adhered onto a lens-adhered mold half which is one of the male and female mold halves; (9) removing the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens from the lens-adhered mold half; and (10) subjecting the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens to post-molding processes including a hydration process and one or more other processes selected from the group consisting of extraction, surface treatment, packaging, sterilization, and combinations thereof.

In accordance with the invention, difference in the concentration of each component of said at least one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material between in the first polymerizable fluid composition and in the second polymerizable fluid composition is about 5.0% or less (preferably about 4.0% or less, more preferably about 3.0% or less, even more preferably about 2.5%). It is understood that this difference Δ[component]_(i) is calculated as following

${\Delta\lbrack{component}\rbrack}_{i} = {\frac{❘{\lbrack{component}\rbrack_{i}^{1} - \lbrack{component}\rbrack_{i}^{2}}❘}{\lbrack{component}\rbrack_{i}^{1}} \times 100\%}$

in which [component]_(i) ¹ and [component]_(i) ² are the concentrations of a particular component i (e.g., a photoinitiator or a polymerizable material) in the first polymerizable fluid composition and in the second polymerizable fluid composition respectively.

Any polymerizable materials known or suitable for forming contact lenses can be used in the invention.

In one embodiment, the first and second polymerizable fluid compositions independent of each other are for forming a non-silicone hydrogel and said at least one polymerizable material are either (1) a first monomer mixture comprising (a) at least one hydrophilic vinylic monomer and (b) at least one component selected from the group consisting of at least one non-silicone vinylic crosslinker, a non-silicone hydrophobic vinylic monomer, a UV-absorbing vinylic monomer, and combinations thereof; or (2) a reactive mixture comprising (a) one or more water-soluble non-silicone prepolymers and optionally (b) at least one component selected from the group consisting of a hydrophilic vinylic monomer, a non-silicone vinylic crosslinker, a non-silicone hydrophobic vinylic monomer, a UV-absorbing vinylic monomer, and combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, the first and second polymerizable fluid composition independent of each other are for forming a silicone hydrogel and said at least one polymerizable material is a second monomer mixture comprising (a) at least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer, (b) at least one polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker, at least one non-silicone vinylic crosslinker, or both, (c) at least one hydrophilic vinylic monomer, (d) at least one photoinitiator, and optionally (e) at least one component selected from the group consisting of a non-silicone hydrophobic vinylic monomer, a UV-absorbing vinylic monomer, and combinations thereof.

Any hydrophilic vinylic monomer can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred hydrophilic vinylic monomers are hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomer (as described later in this application), hydrophilic (meth)acryloxy monomer (as described later in this application), hydrophilic N-vinyl amide monomer (as described later in this application), methylene-containing pyrrolidone monomers (i.e., pyrrolidone derivatives each having a methylene group connected to the pyrrolidone ring at 3- or 5-position) (as described later in this application), vinyl ether monomers (as described later in this application), allyl ether monomers (as described later in this application), phosphorylcholine-containing vinylic monomers (as described later in this application), allyl alcohol, N-2-hydroxyethyl vinyl carbamate, N-vinyloxycarbonyl-β-alanine (VINAL), N-vinyloxycarbonyl-α-alanine, and combinations thereof.

Any water-soluble non-silicone prepolymers can be used in the invention. Examples of water-soluble non-silicone prepolymers include without limitation: a water-soluble actinically-crosslinkable poly(vinyl alcohol) prepolymer described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,583,163 and 6,303,687; a water-soluble vinyl group-terminated polyurethane prepolymer described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,995,192; derivatives of a polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine or polyvinylamine, which are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,841; a water-soluble crosslinkable polyurea prepolymer described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,479,587 and 7,977,430; crosslinkable polyacrylamide; crosslinkable statistical copolymers of vinyl lactam, MMA and a comonomer, which are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,712,356; crosslinkable copolymers of vinyl lactam, vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol, which are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,840; polyether-polyester copolymers with crosslinkable side chains which are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,492,478; branched polyalkylene glycol-urethane prepolymers disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,165,408; polyalkylene glycol-tetra(meth)acrylate prepolymers disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,303; crosslinkable polyallylamine gluconolactone prepolymers disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,472,489.

Any non-silicone vinylic crosslinkers can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred non-silicone vinylic crosslinkers are described later in this application.

Any non-silicone hydrophobic vinylic monomers can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred hydrophobic non-silicone vinylic monomers can be non-silicone hydrophobic acrylic monomers (e.g., alkyl (meth)acrylates as described below, cycloalkyl (meth)acrylates as described below, phenyl methacrylate, (meth)acrylonitrile, etc.), fluorine-containing acrylic monomers (e.g., perfluorohexylethyl-thio-carbonyl-aminoethyl-methacrylate, perfluoro-substituted-C₂-C₁₂ alkyl (meth)acrylates described below, etc.), vinyl alkanoates (e.g., vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl valerate, etc.), vinyloxy-alkanes (e.g., vinyl ethyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, isoputyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, t-butyl vinyl ether, etc.), substituted or unsubstituted styrenes as described below, vinyl toluene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, 1-butene, and mixtures thereof.

Any suitable perfluoro-substituted-C₂-C₁₂ alkyl (meth)acrylates can be used in the invention. Examples of perfluoro-substituted-C₂-C₁₂ alkyl (meth)acrylates include without limitation 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (meth)acrylate, tetrafluoropropyl (meth)acrylate, hexafluoro-iso-propyl (meth)acrylate, hexafluorobutyl (meth)acrylate, heptafluorobutyl (meth)acrylate, octafluoropentyl (meth)acrylate, heptadecafluorodecyl (meth)acrylate, pentafluorophenyl (meth)acrylate, and combinations thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, one or more hydrophobic non-silicone acrylic monomers and/or substituted or unsubstituted styrenes can be used in the invention as a reactive diluent (i.e., a blending vinylic monomer) for solubilizing other polymerizable components in a polymerizable composition of the invention.

Examples of such non-silicone hydrophobic acrylic monomers and substituted or unsubstituted styrenes include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, 4-tert-butylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, styrene, 4-ethoxystyrene, 2,4-dimethystyrene, 2,5-dimethylstyrene, 3,5-dimethylstyrene, and combinations thereof. More preferably, methyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, or a combination thereof is used in the invention. Even more preferably, methyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, or a combination thereof is used in the invention.

The term “UV/HEVL-absorbing compound” refers to a compound that can absorb UV light and high-energy-violet-light (i.e., light having wavelength between 380 nm and 440 nm). Examples of preferred UV/HEVL-absorbing compounds includes polymerizable UV/HEVL-absorbing compounds, e.g., Cu-porphrin derivatives each having one or more ethyleneically unsaturated groups, UV/HEVL-absorbing vinylic monomer.

The term “UV/HEVL-absorbing vinylic monomer” refers to a vinylic monomer that can absorb UV light and high-energy-violet-light (i.e., light having wavelength between 380 nm and 440 nm). Examples of UV-absorbing vinylic monomers and UV/HEVL-absorbing vinylic monomers are known to a person skilled in the art and are disclosed in the patents and patent application publications, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 9,315,669, US 2018-0081197 A1, etc.

Any suitable UV-absorbing vinylic monomers and UV/HEVL-absorbing vinylic monomers can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred UV-absorbing and UV/HEVL-absorbing vinylic monomers include without limitation: 2-(2-hydroxy-5-vinylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-acrylyloxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methacrylamido methyl-5-tert octylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methacrylamidophenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methacrylamidophenyl)-5-methoxybenzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-5-methacryloxy-propyl-3′-t-butyl-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methacryloxypropylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)benzyl methacrylate (WL-1), 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(5-methoxy-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)benzyl methacrylate (WL-5), 3-(5-fluoro-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl methacrylate (WL-2), 3-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl methacrylate (WL-3), 3-(5-chloro-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl methacrylate (WL-4), 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(5-methyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)benzyl methacrylate (WL-6), 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)benzyl methacrylate (WL-7), 4-allyl-2-(5-chloro-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-phenol (WL-8), 2-{2′-Hydroxy-3′-tert-5′[3″-(4″-vinylbenzyloxy)propoxy]phenyl}-5-methoxy-2H-benzotriazole, phenol, 2-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-ethenyl-(UVAM), 2-[2′-hydroxy-5′-(2-methacryloxyethyl)phenyl)]-2H-benzotriazole (2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl ester, Norbloc), 2-{2′-Hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-[3′-methacryloyloxypropoxy]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole, 2-{2′-Hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-[3′-methacryloyloxypropoxy]phenyl}-5-methoxy-2H-benzotriazole (UV13), 2-{2′-Hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-[3′-methacryloyloxypropoxy]phenyl}-5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (UV28), 2-[2′-Hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-(3′-acryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-benzotriazole (UV23), 2-(2′-hydroxy-5-methacrylamidophenyl)-5-methoxybenzotriazole (UV6), 2-(3-allyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (UV9), 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-methallyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (UV12), 2-3′-t-butyl-2′-hydroxy-5′-(3″-dimethylvinylsilylpropoxy)-2′-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methoxybenzotriazole (UV15), 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methacryloylpropyl-3′-tert-butyl-phenyl)-5-methoxy-2H-benzotriazole (UV16), 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-acryloylpropyl-3′-tert-butyl-phenyl)-5-methoxy-2H-benzotriazole (UV16A), 2-Methylacrylic acid 3-[3-tert-butyl-5-(5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propyl ester (16-100, CAS #96478-15-8), 2-(3-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxy-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)phenoxy)ethyl methacrylate (16-102); Phenol, 2-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl) (CAS #1260141-20-5); 2-[2-Hydroxy-5-[3-(methacryloyloxy)propyl]-3-tert-butylphenyl]-5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole; Phenol, 2-(5-ethenyl-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-, homopolymer (9Cl) (CAS #83063-87-0). In accordance with the invention, the polymerizable composition comprises about 0.1% to about 3.0%, preferably about 0.2% to about 2.5%, more preferably about 0.3% to about 2.0%, by weight of one or more UV-absorbing vinylic monomers, related to the amount of all polymerizable components in the polymerizable composition.

Any silicone-containing vinylic monomer can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred silicone-containing vinylic monomers can be silicone-containing (meth)acrylamido monomers, silicone-containing (meth)acryloxy monomers, silicone-containing vinylcarbonato monomers, or silicone-containing vinylcarbamato monomers, each of which comprises a bis(trialkylsilyloxy)alkylsilyl group, a tris(trialkylsilyloxy)-silyl group, or a polysiloxane chain having 2 to 30 siloxane units and terminated with an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or methoxyalkyl group. Such preferred silicone-containing vinylic monomers can be obtained from the commercial suppliers, or alternatively prepared according to known procedures, e.g., similar to those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,070,215, 6,166,236, 6,867,245, 7,214,809, 8,415,405, 8,475,529, 8,614,261, 8,658,748, 9,097,840, 9,103,965, 9,217,813, 9,315,669, and 9,475,827, or by reacting a vinylic monomer having a reactive functional group (e.g., an acid chloride, acid anhydride, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, epoxy, isocyanate, aziridine, azlactone, or aldehyde group) with a siloxane-containing compound a reactive group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyalkyl, an aminoalkyl, an alkylaminoalkyl, a carboxyalkyl, an isocyanatoalkyl, an epoxyalkyl, and an aziridinylalkyl, in the presence or absence of a coupling agent under coupling reaction conditions well known to a person skilled in the art.

In a preferred embodiment, said at least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer comprises at least one silicone-containing (meth)acrylamido monomer having a bis(trialkylsilyloxy)alkylsilyl group, a tris(trialkylsilyloxy)silyl group, or a polysiloxane chain having 2 to 30 siloxane units and terminated with an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or methoxyalkyl group. Examples of such preferred silicone-containing (meth)acrylamido monomers include without limitation those described later in this application.

In another preferred embodiment, said at least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer comprises at least one silicone-containing (meth)acryloxy monomer having a bis(trialkylsilyloxy)alkylsilyl group, a tris(trialkylsilyloxy)silyl group, or a polysiloxane chain having 2 to 30 siloxane units and terminated with an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or methoxyalkyl group. Examples of such preferred silicone-containing (meth)acryloxy monomers include without limitation those described later in this application.

Any polysiloxane vinylic crosslinkers can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred polysiloxane vinylic crosslinkers include without limitation α,ω-(meth)acryloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes; α,ω-(meth)acrylamido-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes; α,ω-vinyl carbonate-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes; α,ω-vinyl carbamate-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes; bis-3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl polydimethylsiloxanes; the reaction products of glycidyl methacrylate with amino-functional polydimethylsiloxanes; the reaction products of an azlactone-containing vinylic monomer (any one of those described above) with hydroxyl-functional polydimethylsiloxanes; polysiloxane-containing macromer selected from the group consisting of Macromer A, Macromer B, Macromer C, and Macromer D described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,100; polysiloxane vinylic crosslinkers disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,136,250, 4,153,641, 4,182,822, 4,189,546, 4,259,467, 4,260,725, 4,261,875, 4,343,927, 4,254,248, 4,355,147, 4,276,402, 4,327,203, 4,341,889, 4,486,577, 4,543,398, 4,605,712, 4,661,575, 4,684,538, 4,703,097, 4,833,218, 4,837,289, 4,954,586, 4,954,587, 5,010,141, 5,034,461, 5,070,170, 5,079,319, 5,039,761, 5,346,946, 5,358,995, 5,387,632, 5,416,132, 5,449,729, 5,451,617, 5,486,579, 5,962,548, 5,981,675, 6,039,913, 6,762,264, 7,423,074, 8,163,206, 8,480,227, 8,529,057, 8,835,525, 8,993,651, 9,187,601, 10,081,697, 10,301,451, and 10,465,047.

One class of preferred polysiloxane vinylic crosslinkers are di-(meth)acryloyloxy-terminated polysiloxane vinylic crosslinkers each having dimethylsiloxane units and hydrophilized siloxane units each having one methyl substituent and one monovalent C₄-C₄₀ organic radical substituent having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, more preferably a polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker of formula (H), are described later in this application and can be prepared according to the procedures disclosed in U.S. patent Ser. No. 10/081,697.

Another class of preferred polysiloxane vinylic crosslinkers are vinylic crosslinkers each of which comprises one sole polydiorganosiloxane segment and two terminal (meth)acryloyl groups, which can be obtained from commercial suppliers; prepared by reacting glycidyl (meth)acrylate (meth)acryloyl chloride with a di-amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane or a di-hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane; prepared by reacting isocyantoethyl (meth)acrylate with di-hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes prepared by reacting an amino-containing acrylic monomer with di-carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane in the presence of a coupling agent (a carbodiimide); prepared by reacting a carboxyl-containing acrylic monomer with di-amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane in the presence of a coupling agent (a carbodiimide); or prepared by reacting a hydroxyl-containing acrylic monomer with a di-hydroxy-terminated polydisiloxane in the presence of a diisocyanate or di-epoxy coupling agent.

Other classes of preferred polysiloxane vinylic crosslinkers are chain-extended polysiloxane vinylic crosslinkers each of which has at least two polydiorganosiloxane segments linked by a linker between each pair of polydiorganosiloxane segments and two terminal ethylenically unsaturated groups, which can be prepared according to the procedures described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,034,461, 5,416,132, 5,449,729, 5,760,100, 7,423,074, 8,529,057, 8,835,525, 8,993,651, 9,187,601, 10,301,451, and 10,465,047.

Any hydrophilic vinylic monomers can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred hydrophilic vinylic monomers are hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomer (as described later in this application), hydrophilic (meth)acryloxy monomer (as described later in this application), hydrophilic N-vinyl amide monomer (as described later in this application), methylene-containing pyrrolidone monomers (i.e., pyrrolidone derivatives each having a methylene group connected to the pyrrolidone ring at 3- or 5-position) (as described later in this application), vinyl ether monomers (as described later in this application), allyl ether monomers (as described later in this application), phosphorylcholine-containing vinylic monomers (as described later in this application), allyl alcohol, N-2-hydroxyethyl vinyl carbamate, N-vinyloxycarbonyl-β-alanine (VINAL), N-vinyloxycarbonyl-α-alanine, and combinations thereof.

In another preferred embodiment, said at least one hydrophilic vinylic monomer comprises at least one hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomer, preferably having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of preferred hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomers are described later in this application. It is believed that such hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomers can be used in increasing the glass transition temperature of a resultant silicone hydrogel material. It is also understood that any hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomers other than those specifically described later in this application can also be used in this invention.

In another preferred embodiment, said at least one hydrophilic vinylic monomer comprises at least one hydrophilic N-vinyl amide monomer. Examples of preferred hydrophilic N-vinyl amide monomers are described later in this application. It is understood that any hydrophilic N-vinyl amide monomers other than those specifically described later in this application can also be used in this invention.

In another preferred embodiment, said at least one hydrophilic vinylic monomer comprises at least one hydrophilic (meth)acryloxy monomer, preferably having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of preferred hydrophilic (meth)acryloxy monomers are described later in this application. It is understood that any hydrophilic (meth)acryloxy monomers other than those specifically described later in this application can also be used in this invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the sum of the amounts of components (a), (b) and (c) in the second monomer mixture is at least about 60% (preferably at least about 65%, more preferably at least about 70%, even more preferably at least about 75%) by weight relative to the total weight of all polymerizable materials in the first polymerizable fluid composition.

Suitable photoinitiators are benzoin methyl ether, diethoxyacetophenone, a benzoylphosphine oxide, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and Darocur and Irgacur types, preferably Darocur 1173® and Darocur 2959®, acylgermanium photoinitiators.

Examples of benzoylphosphine initiators include 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl-phosphine oxide; bis-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-N-propylphenylphosphine oxide; and bis-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-N-butylphenylphosphine oxide.

Any acylgermanium photoinitiators can be used in this invention, so long as they are capable of initiating a free-radical polymerization under irradiation with a light source including a light in the region of about 420 to about 500 nm. Examples of acylgermanium photoinitiators are acylgermanium compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,605,190. Preferably, said at least one first and/or second free-radical initiator comprises at least one of the following acylgermanium compounds.

A first (second) polymerizable fluid composition of the invention can also comprise other necessary components known to a person skilled in the art, such as, for example, visibility tinting agent (e.g., one or more polymerizable dyes, pigments, or mixtures thereof), antimicrobial agents (e.g., silver nanoparticles), a bioactive agent (e.g., a drug, an amino acid, a polypeptide, a protein, a nucleic acid, 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA), an alpha hydroxyl acid, linoleic and gamma linoleic acids, vitamins, or any combination thereof), leachable lubricants (e.g., a non-crosslinkable hydrophilic polymer having an average molecular weight from 5,000 to 500,000, preferably from 10,000 to 300,000, more preferably from 20,000 to 100,000 Daltons), leachable tear-stabilizing agents (e.g., a phospholipid, a monoglyceride, a diglyceride, a triglyceride, a glycolipid, a glyceroglycolipid, a sphingolipid, a sphingo-glycolipid, a fatty acid having 8 to 36 carbon atoms, a fatty alcohol having 8 to 36 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof), mold releasing agent, and mixtures thereof, as known to a person skilled in the art.

In accordance with the invention, the first (second) polymerizable fluid composition of the invention can be a solution, a solventless blend (i.e., a fluid composition free of any non-reactive diluent—organic solvent). It can be prepared according to any techniques known to a person skilled in the art.

A first (second) polymerizable fluid composition of the invention can also be any known hydrogel lens formulations.

Numerous non-silicone hydrogel lens formulations have been described in numerous patents and patent applications published by the filing date of this application and have been used in producing commercial non-silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Examples of commercial non-silicone hydrogel contact lenses include, without limitation, alfafilcon A, acofilcon A, deltafilcon A, etafilcon A, focofilcon A, helfilcon A, helfilcon B, hilafilcon B, hioxifilcon A, hioxifilcon B, hioxifilcon D, methafilcon A, methafilcon B, nelfilcon A, nesofilcon A, ocufilcon A, ocufilcon B, ocufilcon C, ocufilcon D, omafilcon A, phemfilcon A, polymacon, samfilcon A, telfilcon A, tetrafilcon A, vifilcon A, etc.

Numerous SiHy lens formulations have been described in numerous patents and patent applications published by the filing date of this application and have been used in producing commercial SiHy contact lenses. Examples of commercial SiHy contact lenses include, without limitation, asmofilcon A, balafilcon A, comfilcon A, delefilcon A, efrofilcon A, enfilcon A, fanfilcon A, galyfilcon A, lotrafilcon A, lotrafilcon B, narafilcon A, narafilcon B, senofilcon A, senofilcon B, senofilcon C, smafilcon A, somofilcon A, stenfilcon A, etc.

Where a first (second) polymerizable fluid composition of the invention is a solution. It can be prepared by dissolving all of the desirable components in any suitable solvent known to a person skilled in the art. Example of suitable solvents includes without limitation, water, tetrahydrofuran, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether, ketones (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.), diethylene glycol n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether dipropylene glycol dimetyl ether, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, i-propyl lactate, methylene chloride, 2-butanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, menthol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol and exonorborneol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 2-heptanol, 2-octanol, 2-nonanol, 2-decanol, 3-octanol, norborneol, tert-butanol, tert-amyl, alcohol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 1-methylcyclohexanol, 2-methyl-2-hexanol, 3,7-dimethyl-3-octanol, 1-chloro-2-methyl-2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-heptanol, 2-methyl-2-octanol, 2-2-methyl-2-nonanol, 2-methyl-2-decanol, 3-methyl-3-hexanol, 3-methyl-3-heptanol, 4-methyl-4-heptanol, 3-methyl-3-octanol, 4-methyl-4-octanol, 3-methyl-3-nonanol, 4-methyl-4-nonanol, 3-methyl-3-octanol, 3-ethyl-3-hexanol, 3-methyl-3-heptanol, 4-ethyl-4-heptanol, 4-propyl-4-heptanol, 4-isopropyl-4-heptanol, 2,4-dimethyl-2-pentanol, 1-methylcyclopentanol, 1-ethylcyclopentanol, 1-ethylcyclopentanol, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butene, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-cyclopentanol, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, 2-methoxy-2-methyl-2-propanol 2,3,4-trimethyl-3-pentanol, 3,7-dimethyl-3-octanol, 2-phenyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-phenyl-2-propanol and 3-ethyl-3-pentanol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 1-methyl-2-propanol, t-amyl alcohol, isopropanol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylpropionamide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl propionamide, N-methyl pyrrolidinone, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, a polymerizable composition is a solution of all the desirable components in water, 1,2-propylene glycol, a polyethyleneglycol having a molecular weight of about 400 Daltons or less, or a mixture thereof.

Where a first (second) polymerizable fluid composition of the invention is a solventless blend, it can be prepared by mixing all polymerizable components and other necessary component. A solventless polymerizable composition typically comprises at least one blending vinylic monomer as a reactive solvent for dissolving all other polymerizable components of the solventless polymerizable composition. Examples of preferred blending vinylic monomers are described above and later in this application. Preferably, methyl methacrylate is used as a blending vinylic monomer in preparing a solventless polymerizable composition.

In accordance with the invention, a second polymerizable fluid composition can be prepared by blending all the required components to arrive their desired concentrations or alternatively by adding at least one photochemically functional compound in a first polymerizable fluid composition.

In a preferred embodiment, said at least one photochemically functional compound is one or more photochromic vinylic monomers. Any photochromic vinylic monomers can be used in this invention. Examples of preferred photochromic vinylic monomers include polymerizable naphthopyrans, polymerizable benzopyrans, polymerizable indenonaphthopyrans, polymerizable phenanthropyrans, polymerizable spiro(benzindoline)-naphthopyrans, polymerizable spiro(indoline)benzopyrans, polymerizable spiro(indoline)-naphthopyrans, polymerizable spiro(indoline)quinopyrans, polymerizable spiro(indoline)-pyrans, polymerizable naphthoxazines, polymerizable spirobenzopyrans; polymerizable spirobenzopyrans, polymerizable spirobenzothiopyrans, polymerizable naphthacenediones, polymerizable spirooxazines, polymerizable spiro(indoline)naphthoxazines, polymerizable spiro(indoline)pyridobenzoxazines, polymerizable spiro(benzindoline)pyridobenzoxazines, polymerizable spiro(benzindoline)naphthoxazines, polymerizable spiro(indoline)-benzoxazines, polymerizable diarylethenes, and combinations thereof, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,929,693, 5,166,345, 6,017,121, 7,556,750, 7,584,630, 7,999,989, 8,158,037, 8,697,770, 8,741,188, 9,052,438, 9,097,916, 9,465,234, 9,904,074, 10,197,707, 6,019,914, 6,113,814, 6,149,841, 6,296,785, and 6,348,604.

Various photochromic compounds are disclosed in the patents and published patent applications and can be obtained from commercial sources or prepared by following the procedures described in the patents and literatures. Examples of preferred photochromic compounds include without limitation naphthopyrans, indeno-fused naphthopyrans (i.e., indeno-naphthopyrans), heterocyclic ring-fused naphthopyrians, benzopyrans, phenanthropyrans, quinopyrans, quinolinopyrans, fluoroanthenopyrans, anthracene-fused pyrans, tetracene-fused pyrans, spiro(benzindoline)naphthopyrans, spiro(indoline)naphthopyrans, spiro(indoline)-benzopyrans, spiro(indoline)quinopyrans, spiro(indoline)pyrans, naphthoxazines, spirobenzopyrans, spirobenzothiopyrans, naphthacenediones, benzoxazines, spirooxazines, naphthoxazines, spiro(benzindoline)naphthoxazines, spiro(indoline)naphthoxazines, spiro(indoline)pyrido-benzoxazines, spiro(indoline) benzoxazines, spiro(benzindoline)-benzoxazines, spiro(benzindoline)pyridobenzoxazines, spiro(indoline)fluoranthenoxazines, spiro(indoline)-quinoxazines, spiropiperidine-naphthopyrans, piro(indoline)pyronobenzo-xazinones, benzospiropyrans, naphthospiropyrans, spirobenzoxazine-pyrrolopyridines, spironaphthoxazine-pyrrolopyrridines, spiro-oxazepin-benzoxazines, spiro-oxazepin-naphthoxazines, spiro(indoline)benzothiazoloxazines, spiro(indoline)benzopyrroloxazines, spiro(indoline)quinazolino-oxazines, spiro(indoline)-anthracenobenzoxazines, benzofuro-benzopyrans, benzothienobenzopyrans, naphthofurobenzopyrans, benzopyrano-fusednaphthopyrans, spiro(isoindoline)-naphthoxazines, spiro(isoindoline)benzoxazines, etc.

Such photochromic compounds are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,100,778, 3,562,172, 3,567,605, 3,578,602, 3,671,543, 4,215,010, 4,342,668, 4,440,672, 4,634,767, 4,636,561, 4,637,698, 4,699,473, 4,719,296, 4,720,547, 4,772,700, 4,784,474, 4,785,097, 4,816,584, 4,818,096, 4,826,977, 4,831,142, 4,880,667, 4,929,693, 4,931,219, 4,931,221, 4,959,471, 4,980,089, 4,986,934, 5,055,576, 5,066,818, 5,110,922, 5,114,621, 5,139,707, 5,166,345, 5,171,636, 5,180,524, 5,186,867, 5,200,116, 5,238,931, 5,238,981, 5,244,602, 5,274,132; 5,340,857, 5,369,158, 5,384,077, 5,395,567, 5,399,687, 5,405,958, 5,411,679, 5,429,774, 5,451,344, 5,458,814; 5,458,815, 5,464,567, 5,466,398, 5,514,817; 5,520,853, 5,552,090, 5,552,091, 5,565,147, 5,573,712; 5,578,252, 5,585,042, 5,623,005, 5,637,262, 5,637,709, 5,645,767; 5,650,098, 5,651,923, 5,656,206; 5,658,500, 5,658,501, 5,674,432, 5,698,141, 5,723,072, 5,728,758, 5,730,908, 5,744,070, 5,759,450, 5,783,116, 5,801,243, 5,808,063, 5,811,034, 5,831,090, 5,833,885, 5,869,658; 5,879,592, 5,891,368, 5,955,520; 5,961,892; 5,981,634, 5,998,520, 6,004,486, 6,017,121, 6,018,059; 6,019,914, 6,022,495, 6,022,497; 6,030,555, 6,034,193, 6,065,836, 6,106,744, 6,106,744, 6,107,395, 6,113,814, 6,146,554; 6,149,841, 6,153,126, 6,221,284, 6,248,264; 6,296,785, 6,315,928; 6,342,459; 6,348,604, 6,353,102, 6,414,057, 6,478,988, 6,630,597, 7,556,750, 7,584,630, 7,999,989, 8,158,037, 8,697,770, 8,698,117, 8,741,188, 9,029,532, 9,028,728, 9,052,438, 9,097,916, 9,465,234, 9,487,499, 9,904,074, 10,197,707, 10,501,446, 10,532,997, and 10,502,998 and are also described in the texts, Techniques in Chemistry, Volume III. “Photochromism”, Chapter 3 (Glenn H. Brown, Editor, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1971) and in “Chromic Phenomena: Technological Applications of Colour Chemistry” (P. Bamfield, RSC Books (2001)). Derivatives of these compounds that include various Substituents can be Synthesized from this teaching by people skilled in the art.

A photochromic vinylic monomer can be obtained by reacting a reactive (meth)acrylamido or (meth)acryloxy monomer having a first reactive functional group (—COCl, —COBr, —COOH, —NHR_(N2), —NCO, —OH, —CHO,

in which R₀ is hydrogen or methyl and R_(N2) is hydrogen, a linear or branched C₁-C₁₅ alkyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or a substituted- or unsubstituted-phenyl-C₁-C₆ alkyl) with a reactive photochromic compound having a second reactive functional group (—COOH, —NHR_(N2),

—HCO, —OH, —SH, —CHO,

in the absence or presence of a coupling agent (i.e., having two of the reactive functional groups listed above) under well known coupling reaction conditions, to form a photochromic compound.

Non-limiting examples of coupling reactions under various reaction conditions between a pair of matching co-reactive functional groups selected from the group preferably consisting of primary group, secondary amino group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, acid anhydride group, aldehyde group, isocyanate group, epoxy group, aziridine group, azlactone group and thiol group, are given below for illustrative purposes. A primary/secondary amino group reacts with aldehyde or ketone group to form a Schiff base which may further be reduced into an amine bond; a primary/secondary amino group —NHR (in which R is hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl) reacts with an acid chloride or bromide group or with an acid anhydride group to form an amide linkage (—CO—NR—); an amino group —NHR reacts with a N-hydroxysuccinimide ester group to form an amide linkage; an amino group —NHR reacts with a carboxylic acid group in the presence of a coupling agent—carbodiimide (e.g., 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1-cylcohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide, diisopropyl carbodiimide, or mixtures thereof) and N-hydroxysuccinimide to form an amide linkage; an amino group —NHR reacts (ring-opening) with an azlactone group to form an alkylene-diamido linkage (—CONH—CR¹R²—(CH₂)_(p1)—CONH—); an amino group —NHR reacts with an isocyanate group to form a urea linkage (—NR—C(O)—NH— with R as defined above); an amino group —NHR reacts with an epoxy or aziridine group to form an amine bond (—C—NR—); a hydroxyl reacts with an isocyanate to form a urethane linkage; a hydroxyl reacts with an epoxy or aziridine to form an ether linkage (—O—); a hydroxyl reacts with an acid chloride or bromide group or with an acid anhydride group to form an ester linkage; a carboxyl group reacts with an epoxy group to form an ester bond; a thiol group (—SH) reacts with an isocyanate to form a thiocarbamate linkage (—N—C(O)—S—); a thiol group reacts with an epoxy or aziridine to form a thioether linkage (—S—); a thiol group reacts with an acid chloride or bromide group or with an acid anhydride group to form a thioester linkage; a thiol group reacts with an azlactone group in the presence of a catalyst to form a linkage (—CONH—CR¹R²—(CH₂)_(p1)—CO—S—); a thiol group reacts with an ene group or vinylsulfonyl group based on thiol-ene “click” reaction under thiol-ene reaction conditions to form a thioether linakge (—S—); a thiol group reacts with a (meth)acryloyl group based on Michael Addition under appropriate reaction conditions to form a thioether linkage.

The reactions conditions for the above described coupling reactions are taught in textbooks and are well known to a person skilled in the art.

Any coupling agents, each of which has two reactive functional groups, may be used in the coupling reactions. A coupling agent having two reactive functional groups can be: a diisocyanate compound; a di-acid halide compound; a di-carboxylic acid compound; a di-carboxylic acid anhydride compound; a diamine compound; a diol compound; a di-epoxy compound; a di-aziridine compound; di-azlactone compound; a di-ene compound; a divinylsulfone compound; a di-thiol compound; a thiolactone compound; an amino acid compound; a hydroxy-containing amine compound; an amine compound having one hydroxyl or ketone group; a hydroxy-containing carboxylic acid compound; a mercaptane having a hydroxyl, carboxyl or amino group.

For example, a diisocyanate, di-carboxylic acid (preferably a di-carboxylic acid anhydride), di-aziridine, di-epoxy, or di-azlactone compound can be used in the coupling of the first and second reactive functional groups when they are different or same and are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, primary amino, secondary amino, and thiol groups; a di-amine, di-hydroxyl, di-thiol, hydroxy-containing amine, or hydroxy-containing thiol compound can be used in the coupling of the first and second reactive functional groups when they are different or same and are selected from the group consisting of isocyanate, epoxy, aziridine, and carboxylic acid groups; a di-epoxy compound can be used in the coupling of the first and second reactive functional groups when they both are carboxylic acid groups; a di-amine compound can be used in the coupling of the first and second reactive functional groups when they both are aldehyde groups. A person skilled in the art knows well how to select one or more coupling agents, based on selectivity and/or differential reactivity of a given reactive functional group, to link the first and second reactive functional groups to form a photochromic polydiorganosiloxane vinylic crosslinker of the invention.

Examples of commercially available di-carboxylic acid anhydrides include without limitation succinic acid anhydride, methylsuccinic anhydride, 2,2-dimethylsuccinic anhydride, 2,3-dimethylsuccinic acid, glutaric acid anhydride, 3,3-dimethylglutaric anhydride, 2,2-dimethylglutaric anhydride, 3-methylglutaric anhydride, 3,3-tetramethylglutaric anhydride, diglycolic anhydride, adipic anhydride, etc.

Any suitable C₃-C₂₄ di-carboxylic acid compounds can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred di-carboxylic acid compounds include without limitation a linear or branched C₃-C₂₄ aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, a C₅-C₂₄ cycloaliphatic or aliphatic-cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid, a C₆-C₂₄ aromatic or araliphatic dicarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid which contains amino or imido groups or N-heterocyclic rings, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are: oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, octadecylsuccinic acid, trimethyladipic acid, and dimeric acids (dimerisation products of unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as oleic acid). Examples of suitable cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids are: 1,3-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3- and 1,4-dicarboxylmethylcyclohexane, 4,4′-dicyclohexyldicarboxylic acid. Examples of suitable aromatic dicarboxylic acids are: terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, o-phthalic acid, 1,3-, 1,4-, 2,6- or 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acids, 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 2,2′-biphenyl-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diphenylsulphone-dicarboxylic acid, 1,1,3-trimethyl-5-carboxyl-3-(p-carboxyphenyl)-indane, 4,4′-diphenyl ether-dicarboxylic acid, bis-p-(carboxylphenyl)-methane.

Any suitable diacid halides can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred diacid halide include without limitations fumaryl chloride, suberoyl chloride, succinyl chloride, phthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, sebacoyl chloride, adipoyl chloride, trimethyladipoyl chloride, azelaoyl chloride, dodecanedioic acid chloride, succinic chloride, glutaric chloride, oxalyl chloride, dimer acid chloride, and combinations thereof.

Any suitable diamines can be used in the invention. An organic diamine can be a linear or branched C₂-C₂₄ aliphatic diamine, a C₅-C₂₄ cycloaliphatic or aliphatic-cycloaliphatic diamine, or a C₆-C₂₄ aromatic or alkyl-aromatic diamine. A preferred organic diamine is N,N′-bis(hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, N,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, N,N′-diethyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-methyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-methylethylenediamine, N-ethylethylenediamine, N-isopropyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-propyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-butylethylenediamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 2-Methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, N,N′-dimethyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 2,2,4(2,4,4)-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 1,3-diamino-2-propanol, 1,2-diaminoethane-1,2-diol, 1,1-diaminoethane-1,2-diol, 1,4-diamino-2,3-butanediol, 1,3-cyclopentanediamine, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-Bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4′-methylenebis(2-methylcyclohexylamine), isophorone diamine (3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine), m-xylylene diamine, p-xylylene diamine, piperazine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine, 2-piperazinoethylamine, 1-Boc-piperazine, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1-Boc-piperazine, 1-(2-N-Boc-aminoethyl)piperazine, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1-Boc-piperazine, 4-aminopiperidine, 3-aminopiperidine, 4-aminomethylpiperidine, 2-aminomethylpiperidine, 1-Boc-piperidine-4-carboxaldehyde, 1-Boc-piperidine-4-acetaldehyde, etc.

Any suitable C₄-C₂₄ diisocyanates can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred diisocyanates include without limitation tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, heptamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane, octamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,3-bis-(4,4′-isocyantomethyl)cyclohexane, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, etc.

Any suitable di-epoxy compounds can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred di-epoxy compounds are neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3-butadiene diepoxide, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxy-cyclohexane, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, vinylcyclohexene dioxide, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, dipropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, bis[4-(glycidyloxy)phenyl]methane, Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (2,2-Bis[4-(glycidyloxy)phenyl]-propane), Bisphenol A propoxylate diglycidyl ether, and combinations thereof.

Any suitable C₂-C₂₄ diols (i.e., compounds with two hydroxyl groups) can be used in the invention. Examples of preferred diols include without limitation ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, various pentanediols, various hexanediols, various cyclohexanediols, 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, 4,4′-methylenediphenol, and combination thereof.

Any amino acids can be used in the invention. Examples of amino acids include without limitation glycine, proline, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, 4-aminobutyric acid, 3-aminoisobutyyric acid, 3-amino-butyric acid, β-alanine, 1-amino-3-cyclopentane carboxylic acid, 3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 3-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 1-piperazineacetic acid, etc.

Examples of compounds having one amino group and one hydroxyl or aldehyde group (or ketone group) include without limitation 1-piperazinepropanol, 2-[2-(1-piperazinyl)ethoxy]-ethanol, 4-amino-1-piperazineethanol, 4-piperidinemethanol, 1-Boc-piperidine-4-carboxaldehyde, 4-formylpiperidine, N-Boc-4-piperidineacetaldehyde, etc.

Preferred reactive (meth)acrylamido or (meth)acryloxy monomers without limitation include those described later in this application.

Preferred photochromic compounds without limitation include without limitation those compounds that are described later in this application and can be obtained from commercial suppliers or prepared according to procedures described in the patents discussed above and in the texts described above.

Lens molds for making contact lenses including hydrogel contact lenses are well known to a person skilled in the art and, for example, are employed in cast molding or spin casting. For example, a mold (for cast molding) generally comprises at least two mold sections (or portions) or mold halves, i.e. first and second mold halves. The first mold half defines a first molding (or optical) surface and the second mold half defines a second molding (or optical) surface. The first and second mold halves are configured to receive each other such that a lens-forming cavity is formed between the first molding surface and the second molding surface. The molding surface of a mold half is the cavity-forming surface of the mold and in direct contact with the polymerizable composition.

Methods of manufacturing mold sections for cast molding a contact lens are generally well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The process of the present invention is not limited to any particular method of forming a mold. In fact, any method of forming a mold can be used in the present invention.

In general, a mold comprises at least two mold halves (or mold sections), one male half and one female mold half. The male mold half has a first molding (or optical) surface which is in direct contact with a polymerizable composition for cast molding of a contact lens and defines the posterior (concave) surface of a molded contact lens; and the female mold half has a second molding (or optical) surface which is in direct contact with the polymerizable composition and defines the anterior (convex) surface of the molded contact lens. The male and female mold halves are configured to receive each other such that a lens-forming cavity is formed between the first molding surface and the second molding surface.

The mold halves can be formed through various techniques, such as injection molding. Methods of manufacturing mold halves for cast-molding a contact lens are generally well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The process of the present invention is not limited to any particular method of forming a mold. In fact, any method of forming a mold can be used in the present invention. The first and second mold halves can be formed through various techniques, such as injection molding or lathing. Examples of suitable processes for forming the mold halves are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,444,711; 4,460,534; 5,843,346; and 5,894,002.

Virtually all materials known in the art for making molds can be used to make molds for making contact lenses. For example, polymeric materials, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, PMMA, Topas® COC grade 8007-S10 (clear amorphous copolymer of ethylene and norbornene, from Ticona GmbH of Frankfurt, Germany and Summit, N.J.), or the like can be used. Other materials that allow UV light transmission could be used, such as quartz glass and sapphire.

In accordance with the invention, the first or second polymerizable fluid composition can be dispensed onto the molding surface of a female mold half according to any known techniques.

A specific amount of a first polymerizable fluid composition is typically dispensed into a female mold half by means of a dispensing device and then a male mold half is put on and the mold is closed. As the mold closes, any excess first polymerizable fluid composition is pressed into an overflow provided on the female mold half (or alternatively on the male mold half).

The molding assembly (i.e., the closed mold containing the first polymerizable fluid composition and the partially-crosslinked circular layer immersed therein) is subsequently irradiated with a UV or visible light (i.e., cured or polymerized), as known to a person skilled in the art, to produce a molded unprocessed hydrogel contact lens.

Where the first or second polymerizable fluid composition comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a UV-absorbing vinylic monomer, a polymerizable UV/HEVL-absorbing compound, a photochromic compound, a fluorescent compound, the free radical initiator is preferably a visible light photoinitiator (e.g., a benzoylphosphine initiator and/or an acylgermanium photoinitiator) and crosslinking is initiated upon exposure to a visible light in a region between 420 nm to 500 nm to crosslink the polymerizable components in the first polymerizable fluid composition to form molded unprocess contact lenses. Light source can be any ones emitting light in the 420-500 nm range sufficient to activate acylgermanium photoinitiators. Blue-light sources are commercially available and include: the Palatray CU blue-light unit (available from Heraeus Kulzer, Inc., Irvine, Calif.), the Fusion F450 blue light system (available from TEAMCO, Richardson, Tex.), Dymax Blue Wave 200, LED light sources from Opsytec (435 nm, 445 nm, 460 nm), and the GE 24″ blue fluorescent lamp (available from General Electric Company, U.S.). A preferred blue-light source is the LED from Opsytec (those described above).

After curing, the molds can be opened according to any techniques known to a person skilled in the art. After the mold is separated, the molded unprocessed hydrogel contact lens adheres to one of the male and female mold halves.

The unprocessed hydrogel contact lens adhered on the lens-adhered mold half can be removed from the lens-adhered mold half and then subject to one or more post molding processes.

For example, unprocessed hydrogel contact lens can be extracted with a liquid extraction liquid medium to remove unpolymerized polymerizable components and formed and oligomers. In accordance with the invention, the extraction liquid medium is any solvent capable of dissolving the organic solvent, unpolymerized polymerizable materials, and oligomers in the dry contact lens. Water, any organic solvents known to a person skilled in the art, or a mixture thereof can be used in the invention. Preferably, the organic solvents used extraction liquid medium are water, a buffered saline, a C₁-C₃ alkyl alcohol, 1,2-propylene glycol, a polyethyleneglycol having a number average molecular weight of about 400 Daltons or less, a C₁-C₆ alkylalcohol, or combinations thereof.

The hydrogel contact lenses can also be subjected to further processes, such as, for example, surface treatment (for example, such as, plasma treatment, chemical treatments, the grafting of hydrophilic monomers or macromers onto the surface of a lens, Layer-by-layer coating, in-package crosslinking of a thermally-reactive hydrophilic polymeric material, etc.); packaging in lens packages with a packaging solution which can contain about 0.005% to about 5% by weight of a wetting agent (e.g., a hydrophilic polymer), a viscosity-enhancing agent (e.g., methyl cellulose (MC), ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), or a mixture thereof), or an in-package-coating material; sterilization such as autoclave at from 118 to 124° C. for at least about 30 minutes; and the like.

Preferred surfaces treatments are LbL coating such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,451,871, 6,719,929, 6,793,973, 6,811,805, and 6,896,926, plasma treatment, in-package-coating such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,557,334, 8,529,057 and 9,505,184. A preferred plasma treatment is those processes in which an ionized gas is applied to the surface of an article as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,312,575 and 4,632,844.

The hydrogel contact lens is hydrated in water or an aqueous solution to replace the liquid extraction medium, according to any method known to a person skilled in the art.

The hydrated and/or surface-treated photochromic contact lens can further subject to further processes, such as, for example, packaging in lens packages with a packaging solution which is well known to a person skilled in the art; sterilization such as autoclave at from 118 to 124° C. for at least about 30 minutes; and the like.

Lens packages (or containers) are well known to a person skilled in the art for autoclaving and storing a soft contact lens. Any lens packages can be used in the invention. Preferably, a lens package is a blister package which comprises a base and a cover, wherein the cover is detachably sealed to the base, wherein the base includes a cavity for receiving a sterile packaging solution and the contact lens.

Lenses are packaged in individual packages, sealed, and sterilized (e.g., by autoclave at about 120° C. or higher for at least 30 minutes under pressure) prior to dispensing to users. A person skilled in the art will understand well how to seal and sterilize lens packages.

A SiHy contact lens of the invention has an oxygen permeability of preferably at least about 40 barrers, more preferably at least about 60 barrers, even more preferably at least about 80 barrers (at about 35° C.).

A hydrogel contact lens of the invention has an elastic modulus of about 1.5 MPa or less, preferably about 1.2 MPa or less, more preferably from about 0.3 MPa to about 1.0 MPa (at a temperature of from about 22° C. to 28° C.).

A hydrogel contact lens of the invention further has an equilibrium water content of from about 15% to about 75%, more preferably from about 20% to about 70% by weight, even more preferably from about 25% to about 65% by weight (at room temperature) when fully hydrated. The equilibrium water content of a photochromic contact lens can be measured according to the procedure disclosed in Example 1.

In a further aspect, the invention provides a hydrogel contact lens obtained by the method of the invention.

All of the various embodiments of the molds, polymerizable composition, and spatial limitation of radiation, and contact lens of the invention described above can be used in this aspect of the invention.

Although various embodiments of the invention have been described using specific terms, devices, and methods, such description is for illustrative purposes only. The words used are words of description rather than of limitation. It is to be understood that changes and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged either in whole or in part or can be combined in any manner and/or used together, as illustrated below:

-   1. A method for producing hydrogel contact lenses, comprising the     steps of:     -   (1) obtain a first polymerizable fluid composition and a second         polymerizable fluid composition, wherein the first polymerizable         fluid composition comprises at least one photoinitiator and at         least one polymerizable material and is free of any         photochemically functional compound, wherein the second         polymerizable fluid composition comprises said at least one         photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material and         additionally at least one photochemically functional compound,         wherein difference in the concentration of each component of         said at least one photoinitiator and said at least one         polymerizable material between in the first polymerizable fluid         composition and in the second polymerizable fluid composition is         about 5.0% or less, wherein said at least one photochemically         functional compound is at least one photochromic compound, at         least one UV/HEVL absorbing compound, at least one fluorescent         compound, at least one color-filtering material for correcting         color blindness, at least one diffractive material, at least one         high refractive-index material, or combinations thereof, wherein         the first polymerizable fluid composition has a first curing         time and the second polymerizable fluid composition has a second         curing time, wherein the first and second curing times are         determined in photo-rheology study using a UV/visible light at a         specified intensity;     -   (2) obtaining a lens mold, wherein the lens mold comprises a         female mold half having a first molding surface defining the         anterior surface of a contact lens to be molded and a male mold         half having a second molding surface defining the posterior         surface of the contact lens to be molded, wherein the female and         male mold halves are configured to receive each other such that         a mold cavity is formed between the first and second molding         surfaces when the mold is closed;     -   (3) applying an amount of the second polymerizable fluid         composition onto a central zone of the first molding of the         female mold half to form a circular layer of the second         polymerizable fluid composition, wherein the circular layer has         a diameter of about 13.00 mm or less;     -   (4) irradiating with the UV/visible light at the specified         intensity the circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid         composition for a time period that is about 5% to about 75% of         the second curing time, to partially crosslink the circular         layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition;     -   (5) dispensing an amount of the first polymerizable fluid         composition over the partially-crosslinked circular layer on the         central zone of the first molding surface;     -   (6) closing the female mold half with the male mold half to form         a molding assembly comprising the partially crosslinked circular         layer immersed in the first polymerizable fluid composition         within the mold cavity;     -   (7) irradiating with the UV/visible light at the specified         intensity the molding assembly for a time that is at least about         120% of the first curing time to form an unprocessed hydrogel         contact lens having a central zone that has a diameter of about         13 mm or less, is concentric with the central axis of the         unprocessed hydrogel contact lens, and possesses at least one         photochemical functionality provided by said at least one         photochemically functional compound;     -   (8) separating the molding assembly into the male and female         mold halves, with the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens adhered         onto a lens-adhered mold half which is one of the male and         female mold halves;     -   (9) removing the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens from the         lens-adhered mold half; and     -   (10) subjecting the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens to         post-molding processes including a hydration process and one or         more other processes selected from the group consisting of         extraction, surface treatment, packaging, sterilization, and         combinations thereof. -   2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the first and second     polymerizable fluid compositions are capable of forming a     non-silicone hydrogel, wherein said at least one polymerizable     material is a first monomer mixture comprising (a) at least one     first hydrophilic vinylic monomer and (b) at least one component     selected from the group consisting of at least one non-silicone     vinylic crosslinker, a non-silicone hydrophobic vinylic monomer, a     UV-absorbing vinylic monomer, and combinations thereof. -   3. The method of embodiment 2, wherein said at least one first     hydrophilic vinylic monomer comprises at least one     hydroxyl-containing vinylic monomer, N,N-dimethylarylamide,     N-vinylpyrrolidone, at least one methylene-containing pyrrolidone     monomer, or combinations thereof. -   4. The method of embodiment 2 or 3, wherein said at least one     polymerizable material comprises at least 50% by weight of at least     one hydroxyl-containing vinylic monomer, relative to the total     weight of all polymerizable materials present in the first     polymerizable fluid composition. -   5. The method of embodiment 2 or 3, wherein said at least one     polymerizable material comprises at least 55% by weight of at least     one hydroxyl-containing vinylic monomer, relative to the total     weight of all polymerizable materials present in the first     polymerizable fluid composition. -   6. The method of embodiment 2 or 3, wherein said at least one     polymerizable material comprises at least 60% by weight of at least     one hydroxyl-containing vinylic monomer, relative to the total     weight of all polymerizable materials present in the first     polymerizable fluid composition. -   7. The method of embodiment 2 or 3, wherein said at least one     polymerizable material comprises at least 65% by weight of at least     one hydroxyl-containing vinylic monomer, relative to the total     weight of all polymerizable materials present in the first     polymerizable fluid composition. -   8. The method of any one of embodiments 3 to 7, wherein said at     least one hydroxyl-containing vinylic monomer are selected from the     group consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl     (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, glycerol     methacrylate (GMA), di(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate, tri(ethylene     glycol) (meth)acrylate, tetra(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate,     poly(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate having a number average     molecular weight of up to 1500, trimethylammonium 2-hydroxy propyl     (meth)acrylate hydrochloride, N-2-hydroxylethyl (meth)acrylamide,     N-3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylamide, N-2-hydroxypropyl     (meth)acrylamide, N-2,3-dihydroxypropyl (meth)acrylamide,     N-4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)     (meth)acrylamide, N-tris(hydroxymethyl) methyl (meth)acrylamide,     N-2-hydroxyethyl vinyl carbamate, and combinations thereof. -   9. The method of any one of embodiments 3 to 7, wherein said at     least one hydroxyl-containing vinylic monomer are selected from the     group consisting of hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, glycerol     (meth)acrylate, N-2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-3-hydroxypropyl     (meth)acrylamide, N-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylamide,     N-2,3-dihydroxypropyl (meth)acrylamide, di(ethylene glycol)     (meth)acrylate, N-2-hydroxyethyl vinyl carbamate, and combinations     thereof. -   10. The method of any one of embodiments 3 to 7, wherein said at     least one hydroxyl-containing vinylic monomer are selected from the     group consisting of hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, glycerol     (meth)acrylate, N-2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylamide, and combinations     thereof. -   11. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the first and second     polymerizable fluid compositions are capable of forming a     non-silicone hydrogel, wherein said at least one polymerizable     material is a reactive mixture comprising (a) one or more     water-soluble non-silicone prepolymers and optionally (b) at least     one component selected from the group consisting of a hydrophilic     vinylic monomer, a non-silicone vinylic crosslinker, a non-silicone     hydrophobic vinylic monomer, a UV-absorbing vinylic monomer, and     combinations thereof. -   12. The method of embodiment 11, wherein the one or more     water-soluble non-silicone prepolymers are water-soluble     actinically-crosslinkable poly(vinyl alcohol) prepolymers each of     which comprises (a1) at least 60% by mole of repeating units of

and (a2) repeating units of

in which: R₃ and R₅ independent of each other are H or C₁-C₄ alkyl; R₄ is a C₁-C₄ alkylene divalent radical; R₆ is a monovalent organic radical having an acrylic group.

-   13. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the first and second     polymerizable fluid compositions are capable of forming a silicone     hydrogel, wherein said at least one polymerizable material is a     second monomer mixture comprising (a) at least one     silicone-containing vinylic monomer, (b) at least one polysiloxane     vinylic crosslinker, at least one non-silicone vinylic crosslinker,     or both, (c) at least one second hydrophilic vinylic monomer, and     optionally (d) at least one component selected from the group     consisting of a non-silicone hydrophobic vinylic monomer, a     UV-absorbing vinylic monomer, and combinations thereof. -   14. The method of embodiment 13, wherein said at least one second     hydrophilic vinylic monomer comprises at least one hydrophilic     (meth)acrylamido monomer. -   15. The method of embodiment 14, wherein said at least one     hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomer having 3 to 8 carbon atoms     relative to the total weight of the polymerizable composition. -   16. The method of embodiment 14, wherein said at least one     hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomer is selected from the group     consisting of (meth)acrylamide, N-methyl (meth)acrylamide,     N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-diethyl     (meth)acrylamide, N-propyl (meth)acrylamide, N-isopropyl     (meth)acrylamide, N-3-methoxypropyl (meth)acrylamide,     N-2-hydroxylethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-3-hydroxypropyl     (meth)acrylamide, N-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylamide,     N-2,3-dihydroxypropyl (meth)acrylamide, N-4-hydroxybutyl     (meth)acrylamide, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) (meth)acrylamide,     N-tris(hydroxymethyl) methyl (meth)acrylamide,     2-(meth)acrylamido-glycolic acid, 3-(meth)acrylamidopropionic acid,     4-(meth)acrylamido-butanoic acid,     3-(meth)acrylamido-2-methylbutanoic acid,     3-(meth)acrylamido-3-methylbutanoic acid,     2-(meth)acrylamido-2-methyl-3,3-dimethyl butanoic acid,     5-(meth)acrylamidopentanoic acid, 3-(meth)acrylamidohaxanoic acid,     4-(meth)acrylamido-3,3-dimethylhexanoic acid,     (3-(meth)acrylamidophenyl)boronic acid,     3-((3-methacrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)-propane-1-sulfonate;     3-((3-acrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate,     poly(ethylene glycol)ethyl (meth)acrylamide having a number average     molecular weight of up to 700, methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)ethyl     (meth)acrylamide having a number average molecular weight of up to     700, and combinations thereof. -   17. The method of any one of embodiments 14 to 16, wherein said at     least one hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomer comprises     N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth)acrylamide,     N-2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-3-hydroxypropyl     (meth)acrylamide, N-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylamide,     N-2,3-dihydroxypropyl (meth)acrylamide, (meth)acrylamide, or     combinations thereof. -   18. The method of any one of embodiments 14 to 16, wherein said at     least one hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomer comprises     N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylamide, or     a combination thereof. -   19. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 18, wherein said at     least one second hydrophilic vinylic monomer comprises at least one     hydrophilic (meth)acryloxy monomer. -   20. The method of embodiment 19, wherein said at least one second     hydrophilic (meth)acryloxy monomer is selected from the group     consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl     (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, glycerol     methacrylate (GMA), di(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate, tri(ethylene     glycol) (meth)acrylate, tetra(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate,     poly(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate having a number average     molecular weight of up to 1500, (meth)acrylic acid, ethylacrylic     acid, propylacrylic acid, butylacrylic acid, trimethylammonium     2-hydroxy propyl (meth)acrylate hydrochloride, dimethylaminoethyl     (meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol methyl ether (meth)acrylate,     di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (meth)acrylate, tri(ethylene     glycol) methyl ether (meth)acrylate, tetra(ethylene glycol) methyl     ether (meth)acrylate, C₁-C₄-alkoxy poly(ethylene glycol)     (meth)acrylate having a number average molecular weight of up to     1500, and combinations thereof. -   21. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 20, wherein said at     least one second hydrophilic vinylic monomer comprises at least one     hydrophilic N-vinyl amide monomer selected from the group consisting     of N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,     N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,     N-vinyl-6-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-3-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone,     N-vinyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone,     N-vinyl-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone,     N-vinyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl piperidone (aka,     N-vinyl-2-piperidone), N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-piperidone,     N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-piperidone,     N-vinyl-6-methyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-6-ethyl-2-piperidone,     N-vinyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-piperidone,     N-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl caprolactam (aka,     N-vinyl-2-caprolactam), N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-caprolactam,     N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-7-methyl-2-caprolactam,     N-vinyl-7-ethyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-caprolactam,     N-vinyl-4,6-dimethyl-2-caprolactam,     N-vinyl-3,5,7-trimethyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-N-methyl acetamide,     N-vinyl formamide, N-vinyl acetamide, N-vinyl isopropylamide,     N-vinyl-N-ethyl acetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethyl formamide, and mixtures     thereof. -   22. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 20, wherein said at     least one second hydrophilic vinylic monomer comprises     N-vinylpyrrolidone and/or N-vinyl-N-methyl acetamide. -   23. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 22, wherein said at     least one second hydrophilic vinylic monomer comprises: (a) at least     one methylene-containing pyrrolidone monomer selected from the group     consisting of 1-methyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     1-ethyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     1-methyl-5-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     1-ethyl-5-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     5-methyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     5-ethyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     1-n-propyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     1-n-propyl-5-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     1-isopropyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     1-isopropyl-5-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     1-n-butyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone,     1-tert-butyl-3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone, and combinations     thereof; (b) at least one vinyl ether monomer selected from the     group consisting of ethylene glycol monovinyl ether, di(ethylene     glycol) monovinyl ether, tri(ethylene glycol) monovinyl ether,     tetra(ethylene glycol) monovinyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol)     monovinyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl vinyl ether, di(ethylene     glycol) methyl vinyl ether, tri(ethylene glycol) methyl vinyl ether,     tetra(ethylene glycol) methyl vinyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol)     methyl vinyl ether, and combinations thereof; (c) at least one allyl     ether monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol     monoallyl ether, di(ethylene glycol) monoallyl ether, tri(ethylene     glycol) monoallyl ether, tetra(ethylene glycol) monoallyl ether,     poly(ethylene glycol) monoallyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl allyl     ether, di(ethylene glycol) methyl allyl ether, tri(ethylene glycol)     methyl allyl ether, tetra(ethylene glycol) methyl allyl ether,     poly(ethylene glycol) methyl allyl ether, and combinations     thereof; (d) at least one phosphorylcholine-containing vinylic     monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acryloyloxyethyl     phosphorylcholine, (meth)acryloyloxypropyl phosphorylcholine,     4-((meth)acryloyloxy)butyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)ethylphosphate,     2-[(meth)acryloylamino]-ethyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)-ethylphosphate,     3-[(meth)acryloylamino]propyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)ethylphosphate,     4-[(meth)acryloylamino]butyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)-ethylphosphate,     5-((meth)acryloyloxy)pentyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate,     6-((meth)acryloyloxy)hexyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)-ethylphosphate,     2-((meth)acryloyloxy)-ethyl-2′-(triethylammonio)ethylphosphate,     2-((meth)acryloyloxy)ethyl-2′-(tripropylammonio)ethylphosphate,     2-((meth)acryloyloxy)ethyl-2′-(tributylammonio)ethyl phosphate,     2-((meth)acryloyloxy)propyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)-ethylphosphate,     2-((meth)acryloyloxy)butyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)ethylphosphate,     2-((meth)acryloyloxy)-pentyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)ethylphosphate,     2-((meth)acryloyloxy)hexyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate,     2-(vinyloxy)ethyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)-ethylphosphate,     2-(allyloxy)ethyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)ethylphosphate,     2-(vinyloxycarbonyl)ethyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate,     2-(allyloxycarbonyl)ethyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)-ethylphosphate,     2-(vinylcarbonylamino)ethyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)-ethylphosphate,     2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate,     2-(butenoyloxy)ethyl-2′-(trimethylammonio)ethylphosphate, and     combinations thereof; (e) allyl alcohol; (f) N-2-hydroxyethyl vinyl     carbamate; (g) N-vinyloxycarbonyl-β-alanine (VINAL); (h)     N-vinyloxycarbonyl-α-alanine; or (i) combinations thereof. -   24. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 23, wherein said at     least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer comprises at least one     silicone-containing (meth)acrylamido monomer containing a     tris(trialkylsiloxy)silyl group. -   25. The method of embodiment 24, wherein said at least one     silicone-containing (meth)acrylamido monomer containing a     tris(trialkylsiloxy)silyl group is selected from the group     consisting of N-[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silylpropyl] (meth)acrylamide,     N-[tris(dimethylethylsiloxy)-silylpropyl] (meth)acrylamide,     N-[tris(dimethylpropylsiloxy)-silylpropyl] (meth)acrylamide,     N-[tris(dimethylphenylsiloxy)silylpropyl] (meth)acrylamide,     N-(2-hydroxy-3-(3-(tris(trimethyl-silyloxy)silyl)propyloxy)propyl)-2-methyl     (meth)acrylamide,     N-(2-hydroxy-3-(3-(tris(trimethyl-silyloxy)silyl)propyloxy)propyl)     (meth)acrylamide,     N,N-bis[2-hydroxy-3-(3-(tris(trimethyl-silyloxy)silyl)propyloxy)propyl]-2-methyl     (meth)acrylamide,     N,N-bis[2-hydroxy-3-(3-(tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl)propyloxy)propyl]     (meth)acrylamide, and combinations thereof. -   26. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 25, wherein said at     least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer comprises at least one     silicone-containing (meth)acrylamido monomer containing a     bis(trialkylsilyloxy)-alkylsilyl group. -   27. The method of embodiment 26, wherein said at least one     silicone-containing (meth)acrylamido monomer containing a     bis(trialkylsilyloxy)alkylsilyl group is selected from the group     consisting of     N-(2-hydroxy-3-(3-(bis(trimethylsilyloxy)methylsilyl)propyloxy)propyl)-2-methyl     (meth)acrylamide,     N-(2-hydroxy-3-(3-(bis(trimethylsilyloxy)methylsilyl)propyloxy)-propyl)     (meth)acrylamide,     N,N-bis[2-hydroxy-3-(3-(bis(trimethylsilyloxy)methylsilyl)-propyloxy)propyl]-2-methyl     (meth)acrylamide,     N,N-bis[2-hydroxy-3-(3-(bis(trimethyl-silyloxy)methylsilyl)propyloxy)-propyl]     (meth)acrylamide,     N-[2-hydroxy-3-(3-(t-butyl-dimethylsilyl)propyloxy)propyl]-2-methyl     acrylamide, a siloxane-containing (meth)acrylamido monomer of one of     formula (Ia) to (Ih), and combinations thereof,

in which R₁₃ is a divalent alkylene radical of

R₁₄ is a divalent alkylene radical of —CH₂CH₂— or —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, and R₁₅ is a divalent alkylene radical of

R″ and R₁₁ independent of each other is C₁-C₄ alkyl, and f1 is an integer of from 3 to 5.

-   28. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 27, wherein said at     least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer comprises at least one     mono-(meth)acrylamido-terminated oligo- or polysiloxane of formula     (IIa)

-   -   in which R′ is hydrogen or methyl, R″ independent of each other         is C₁-C₆ alkyl, g1 and g2 independent of each other are integer         of 0 or 1, h1 is an integer of 2 to 25, R₉ and R₁₀ independent         of each other are a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkylene         divalent radical, Y₁ is a linkage of

in which R₁₂ and R₁₂′ independent of each other are C₁-C₆ alkyl.

-   29. The method of embodiment 28, wherein in formula (IIa) h1 is an     integer of 3 to 20 (preferably 3 to 15). -   30. The method of embodiment 28 or 29, wherein in formula (IIa) R₁₂     and R₁₂′ independent of each other are methyl. -   31. The method of any one of embodiments 28 to 30, wherein at least     one mono-(meth)acrylamido-terminated oligo- or polysiloxane is     selected from the group consisting of     α-(meth)acryloyl-amidopropyloxypropyl terminated ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl     terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-N-methyl-(meth)acryloylamidopropyloxypropyl terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acrylamidoethoxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy-propyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acrylamidopropyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy-propyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acrylamido-isopropyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acrylamidobutyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy-propyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acryloylamido-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl] terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-[N-methyl-(meth)acryloylamido]-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     N-methyl-N′-(propyl-tetra(dimethylsiloxy)dimethylbutylsilane)     (meth)acrylamide,     N-(2,3-dihydroxypropane)-N′-(propyltetra(dimethylsiloxy)dimethyl-butylsilane)     (meth)acrylamide,     (meth)acryloylamido-propyltetra(dimethylsiloxy)-dimethylbutylsilane,     and combinations thereof. -   32. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 31, wherein the     second monomer mixture comprises at least one polysiloxane vinylic     crosslinker selected from the group consisting of: an     α,ω-(meth)acryloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane; an     α,ω-(meth)acrylamido-terminated polydimethylsiloxane; an α,ω-vinyl     carbonate-terminated polydimethylsiloxane; an α,ω-vinyl     carbamate-terminated polydimethylsiloxane; a     bis-3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane; a     reaction product of glycidyl methacrylate with a     di-amino-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane; a reaction product of     an azlactone-containing vinylic monomer with a     di-hydroxyl-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane; and combinations     thereof. -   33. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 31, wherein the     second monomer mixture comprises at least one polysiloxane vinylic     crosslinker of formula (H)

-   -   in which:     -   d1 is an integer of from 30 to 500 and d2 is an integer of from         1 to 75, provided that d2/d1 is from about 0.035 to about 0.15         (preferably from about 0.040 to about 0.12, more preferably from         about 0.045 to about 0.10);     -   X_(h1) is O or NR_(hN) in which R_(hN) is hydrogen or         C₁-C₁₀-alkyl;     -   R_(h0) is hydrogen or methyl;     -   R_(h1) and R_(h2) independently of each other are a substituted         or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkylene divalent radical or a divalent         radical of —R_(h4)—O—R_(h5)— in which R_(h4) and R_(h5)         independently of each other are a substituted or unsubstituted         C₁-C₁₀ alkylene divalent radical;     -   R_(h3) is a monovalent radical of any one of formula (H-a) to         (H-e)

-   -   k1 is zero or 1; m1 is an integer of 2 to 4; m2 is an integer of         1 to 5; m3 is an integer of 3 to 6; m4 is an integer of 2 to 5;     -   R_(h6) is hydrogen or methyl;     -   R_(h7) is a C₂-C₆ hydrocarbon radical having (m2+1) valencies;     -   R_(h8) is a C₂-C₆ hydrocarbon radical having (m4+1) valencies;     -   R_(h9) is ethyl or hydroxymethyl;     -   R_(h10) is methyl or hydromethyl;     -   R_(h11) is hydroxyl or methoxy;     -   X_(h1) is a sulfur linkage of —S— or a teriary amino linkage of         —NR_(h12)— in which R_(h12) is C₁-C₁ alkyl, hydroxyethyl,         hydroxypropyl, or 2,3-dihydroxypropyl; and     -   X_(h2) is a linkage of

in which R_(h13) is hydrogen or C₁-C₁₀ alkyl.

-   34. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 31, wherein the     second monomer mixture comprises (i) at least one polysiloxane     vinylic crosslinker having one sole polydiorganosiloxane segment and     two terminal ethylenically-unsaturated groups selected from the     group consisting of (meth)acryloyloxy groups, (meth)acryloylamino     groups, vinyl carbonate groups, vinylcarbamate groups; and/or (ii)     at least one chain-extended polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker having     at least two polydiorganosiloxane segment and a covalent linker     between each pair of polydiorganosiloxane segments and two two     terminal ethylenically-unsaturated groups selected from the group     consisting of (meth)acryloyloxy groups, (meth)acryloylamino groups,     vinyl carbonate groups, vinylcarbamate groups. -   35. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 31, wherein the     second monomer mixture comprises (i) at least one polysiloxane     vinylic crosslinker selected from the group consisting of     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acrylamidopropyl]-terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acryloxypropyl]-terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acryloxyethoxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acryloxy-propyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acryloxy-isopropyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acryloxybutyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acrylamidoethoxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acrylamidopropyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acrylamido-isopropyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acrylamidobutyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acryloxyethylamino-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acryloxypropylamino-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acryloxybutylamino-2-hydroxypropyloxy-propyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[(meth)acrylamidoethylamino-2-hydroxypropyloxy-propyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acrylamido-propylamino-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[3-(meth)acrylamide-butylamino-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy-ethoxypropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl-N-ethylaminopropyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl-aminopropyl]-polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy-(polyethylenoxy)propyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[(meth)acryloxyethylamino-carbonyloxyethoxy-propyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane,     α,ω-bis[(meth)acryloxyethylamino-carbonyloxy-(polyethylenoxy)propyl]-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane, and combinations thereof. -   36. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 31, wherein the     second monomer mixture comprises at least one polysiloxane vinylic     crosslinker having a polymer chain segment (i.e., a divalent     radical) of

in which SN is an integer of 3 or larger and each of R_(S1) and R_(S2) independent of one another are selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₁₀ alkyl; phenyl; C₁-C₄-alkyl-substituted phenyl; C₁-C₄-alkoxy-substituted phenyl; phenyl-C₁-C₆-alkyl; C₁-C₁₀ fluoroalkyl; C₁-C₁₀ fluoroether; aryl; aryl C₁-C₁₈ alkyl; -alk-(OC₂H₄)_(γ1)—OR^(o) (in which alk is C₁-C₆ alkylene diradical, R^(o) is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl and γ1 is an integer from 1 to 10); a C₂-C₄₀ organic radical having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group (—OH), carboxyl group (—COOH), amino linkages of —NR_(N1)—, amide linkages of —CONR_(N1)—, amide of —CONR_(N1)R_(N1)′, urethane linkages of —OCONH—, and C₁-C₄ alkoxy group, or a linear hydrophilic polymer chain, in which R_(N1) and R_(N1)′ independent of each other are hydrogen or a C₁-C₁₅ alkyl.

-   37. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 31, wherein the     second monomer mixture comprises at least one polysiloxane vinylic     crosslinker of formula (1) or (2)

in which:

-   -   R₀ is H or methyl;     -   υ1 is an integer of from 30 to 500; υ2 and υ3 independent of         each other are an integer of from 5 to 100; ω2 and ω3         independent of each other are an integer of from 1 to 15;     -   a1 and g1 independent of each other is zero or 1;     -   L₁ is a C₂-C₈ alkylene divalent radical or a divalent radical of

-   -   L₁′ is a C₂-C₈ a ylene divalent radical which as zero or one         hydroxyl group;     -   L₁″ is C₃-C₈ alkylene divalent radical which has zero or one         hydroxyl group;     -   L₂ is a divalent radical of

-   -   L₃ is a divalent radical of

in which PE is a divalent radical of

-   -   L₃′ is C₃-C₈ alkylene divalent radical;     -   R₂ is a C₄-C₁₄ hydrocarbon divalent radical;     -   R₃ is a C₂-C₆ alkylene divalent radical;     -   X_(o), X₁′, and X_(o1) independent of one another are O or NR₁;     -   X₁ is O, NR₁, NHCOO, OCONH, CONR₁, or NR₁CO;     -   Z₀ is a direct bond or a C₁-C₁₂ alkylene divalent radical.

-   38. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 37, wherein the     second monomer mixture comprises at least one silicone-containing     vinylic monomer of formula (M1) or (M2):

in which: a_(M1) is zero or 1; R_(M0) is H or methyl; X_(M0) is O or NR_(M1); L_(M1) is a C₂-C₈ alkylene divalent radical or a divalent radical of

L_(M1)′ is a C₂-C₈ alkylene divalent radical which has zero or one hydroxyl group; L_(M1)″ is C₃-C₈ alkylene divalent radical which has zero or one hydroxyl group; X_(M1) is O, NR_(M1), NHCOO, OCONH, CONR_(M1), or NR_(M1)CO; R_(M1) is H or a C₁-C₄ alkyl having 0 to 2 hydroxyl group; R_(t1) and R_(t2) independent of each other are a C₁-C₆ alkyl; X_(M1)′ is O or NR₁; v1 is an integer of 1 to 30; v2 is an integer of 0 to 30; n1 is an integer of 3 to 40; and r1 is an integer of 2 or 3.

-   39. The method of embodiment 38, wherein said at least one     silicone-containing vinylic monomer comprises     tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylpropyl (meth)acrylate,     [3-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy]propylbis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane,     [3-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy]propylbis(trimethylsiloxy)butylsilane,     3-(meth)acryloxy-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propyloxy)propylbis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane,     3-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)propyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane,     N-2-(meth)acryloxyethyl-O-(methyl-bis-trimethylsiloxy-3-propyl)silyl     carbamate, 3-(trimethylsilyl)propylvinyl carbonate,     3-(vinyloxycarbonylthio)propyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane,     3-[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl]-propylvinyl carbamate,     3-[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl] propyl allyl carbamate,     3-[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl]-propyl vinyl carbonate, or a     combination thereof. -   40. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 37, wherein the     second monomer mixture comprises at least one silicone-containing     vinylic monomer selected from the group consisting of     α-(meth)acryloxypropyl terminated ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated     polydimethylsiloxane, α-(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl     terminated ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-(2-hydroxyl-methacryloxypropyloxypropyl)-ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl-decamethylpentasiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acryloxyethoxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acryloxy-propyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acryloxyisopropyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acryloxybutyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acryloxyethylamino-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acryloxypropylamino-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[3-(meth)acryloxy-butylamino-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-(meth)acryloxy-(polyethylenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy-ethoxypropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl-N-ethylaminopropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl-aminopropyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane,     α-[(meth)acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy-(polyethylenoxy)propyl]-terminated     ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, α-vinyl     carbonate-terminated ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes,     α-vinyl carbamate-terminated ω-C₁-C₄-alkyl-terminated     polydimethylsiloxane, or a mixture thereof. -   41. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 40, wherein the sum     of the amounts of components (a), (b) and (c) in the second monomer     mixture is at least about 60% by weight relative to the total weight     of all polymerizable materials present in the second monomer     mixture. -   42. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 40, wherein the sum     of the amounts of components (a), (b) and (c) in the second monomer     mixture is at least about 65% by weight relative to the total weight     of all polymerizable materials present in the second monomer     mixture. -   43. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 40, wherein the sum     of the amounts of components (a), (b) and (c) in the second monomer     mixture is at least about 70% by weight relative to the total weight     of all polymerizable materials present in the second monomer     mixture. -   44. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 40, wherein the sum     of the amounts of components (a), (b) and (c) in the second monomer     mixture is at least about 75% by weight relative to the total weight     of all polymerizable materials present in the second monomer     mixture. -   45. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 44, wherein said at     least one polymerizable material comprises at least one non-silicone     vinylic crosslinker. -   46. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 44, wherein said at     least one polymerizable material comprises at least one non-silicone     vinylic crosslinker selected from the group consisting of     ethyleneglycol di-(meth)acrylate, diethyleneglycol     di-(meth)acrylate, triethyleneglycol di-(meth)acrylate,     tetraethyleneglycol di-(meth)acrylate, glycerol di-(meth)acrylate,     1,3-propanediol di-(meth)acrylate, 1,3-butanediol di-(meth)acrylate,     1,4-butanediol di-(meth)acrylate, glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate     di-(meth)acrylate, ethylenebis[oxy(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)]     di-(meth)acrylate, bis[2-(meth)acryloxyethyl]phosphate,     trimethylolpropane di-(meth)acrylate, and     3,4-bis[(meth)acryloyl]tetrahydrofuan, diacrylamide (i.e.,     N-(1-oxo-2-propenyl)-2-propenamide), dimethacrylamide (i.e.,     N-(1-oxo-2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenamide),     N,N-di(meth)acryloyl-N-methylamine,     N,N-di(meth)acryloyl-N-ethylamine, N,N′-methylene     bis(meth)acrylamide, N,N′-ethylene bis(meth)acrylamide,     N,N′-dihydroxyethylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N,N′-propylene     bis(meth)acrylamide, N,N′-2-hydroxypropylene bis(meth)acrylamide,     N,N′-2,3-dihydroxybutylene bis(meth)acrylamide,     1,3-bis(meth)acrylamide-propane-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate (i.e.,     N,N′-2-phophonyloxypropylene bis(meth)acrylamide), piperazine     diacrylamide (or 1,4-bis(meth)acryloyl piperazine),     tetraethyleneglycol divinyl ether, triethyleneglycol divinyl ether,     diethyleneglycol divinyl ether, ethyleneglycol divinyl ether,     triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethylopropane     trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, bisphenol A     dimethacrylate, and combinations thereof. -   47. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 44, wherein said at     least one polymerizable material comprises at least one non-silicone     vinylic crosslinker selected from the group consisting of     tetra(ethyleneglycol) di-(meth)acrylate, tri(ethyleneglycol)     di-(meth)acrylate, ethyleneglycol di-(meth)acrylate,     di(ethyleneglycol) di-(meth)acrylate, tetraethyleneglycol divinyl     ether, triethyleneglycol divinyl ether, diethyleneglycol divinyl     ether, ethyleneglycol divinyl ether, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl     cyanurate, or a combination thereof. -   48. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 47, wherein said at     least one polymerizable material comprises at least one non-silicone     hydrophobic vinylic monomer. -   49. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 47, wherein said at     least one polymerizable material comprises at least one C₁-C₈ alkyl     (meth)acrylate, at least one C₅-C₁₆ cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate, at     least one aryl methacrylate, (meth)acrylonitrile, at least one     fluorine-containing acrylic monomer, at least one vinyl alkanoate,     at least one vinyloxyalkane, at least one substituted or     unsubstituted styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene     chloride, 1-butene, or combinations thereof. -   50. The method of embodiment 49, wherein said at least one vinyl     alkanoate is selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate,     vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl valerate, and combinations     thereof, wherein said at least one vinyloxyalkane is selected from     the group consisting of vinyl ethyl ether, propyl vinyl ether,     n-butyl vinyl ether, isoputyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether,     t-butyl vinyl ether, and combinations thereof, wherein said at least     one fluorine-containing acrylic monomer is selected from the group     consisting of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (meth)acrylate, tetrafluoropropyl     (meth)acrylate, hexafluoro-iso-propyl (meth)acrylate,     hexafluorobutyl (meth)acrylate, heptafluorobutyl (meth)acrylate,     octafluoropentyl (meth)acrylate, heptadecafluorodecyl     (meth)acrylate, pentafluorophenyl (meth)acrylate,     perfluorohexylethyl-thio-carbonyl-aminoethyl-methacrylate, and     combinations thereof. -   51. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 47, wherein said at     least one polymerizable material comprises methyl methacrylate,     ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate,     tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl     acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate,     4-tert-butylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, styrene, 4-ethoxystyrene,     2,4-dimethystyrene, 2,5-dimethylstyrene, 3,5-dimethylstyrene, or     combinations thereof. -   52. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 47, wherein said at     least one polymerizable material comprises methyl methacrylate,     tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl     acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, or combinations thereof. -   53. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 47, wherein said at     least one polymerizable material comprises methyl methacrylate,     tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, or combinations     thereof. -   54. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 53, wherein said at     least one polymerizable material comprises at least one UV-absorbing     vinylic monomer. -   55. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 53, wherein said at     least one polymerizable material comprises     2-[2′-hydroxy-5′-(2-methacryloxyethyl)phenyl)]-2H-benzotriazole     (Norbloc). -   56. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 55, wherein the second     polymerizable fluid composition comprises at least one photochromic     compound. -   57. The method of embodiment 56, wherein said at least one     photochromic compound comprises a naphthopyran, an indeno-fused     naphthopyran (i.e., indeno-naphthopyran), a heterocyclic ring-fused     naphthopyrian, a benzopyran, a phenanthropyran, a quinopyran, a     quinolinopyran, a fluoroanthenopyran, an anthracene-fused pyran, a     tetracene-fused pyran, a spiro(benzindoline) naphthopyran, a     spiro(indoline)naphthopyran, a spiro(indoline)benzopyran, a     spiro(indoline)quinopyran, a spiro(indoline)pyran, a naphthoxazine,     a spirobenzopyran, a spirobenzothiopyran, a naphthacenedione, a     benzoxazine, a spirooxazine, a naphthoxazine, a     spiro(benzindoline)naphthoxazine, a spiro(indoline)naphthoxazine, a     spiro(indoline)pyrido-benzoxazine, a spiro(indoline)benzoxazine, a     spiro(benzindoline) benzoxazine, a     spiro(benzindoline)pyridobenzoxazine, a spiro(indoline)     fluoranthenoxazine, a spiro(indoline)-quinoxazine, a     spiropiperidine-naphthopyran, a piro(indoline)pyronobenzoxazinone, a     benzospiropyran, a naphthospiropyran, a     spirobenzoxazine-pyrrolopyridine, a     spironaphthoxazine-pyrrolopyrridine, a spiro-oxazepin-benzoxazine, a     spiro-oxazepin-naphthoxazine, a spiro(indoline) benzothiazoloxazine,     a spiro(indoline)benzopyrroloxazine, a     spiro(indoline)quinazolino-oxazine, a     spiro(indoline)-anthracenobenzoxazine, a benzofurobenzopyran, a     benzothienobenzopyran, a naphthofurobenzopyran, a benzopyrano-fused     naphthopyran, a spiro(isoindoline)-naphthoxazine, a     spiro(isoindoline)benzoxazine, or a mixture thereof. -   58. The method of embodiment 56, wherein said at least one     photochromic compound is polymerizable (i.e., comprising an     ethylenicaly-unsaturated group). -   59. The method of embodiment 58, wherein said at least one     photochromic compound is a coupling reaction product of a reactive     (meth)acrylamido or (meth)acryloxy monomer having a first reactive     functional group and a reactive photochromic compound have a second     reactive functional group in the absence or presence of a coupling     agent under coupling reaction, wherein the first reactive functional     group is selected from the group consisting of —COCl, —COBr, —COOH,     —NHR_(N2), —NCO, —OH, —CHO,

wherein the second reactive functional group is selected from the group consisting of —COOH, —NHR_(N2),

—NCO, —OH, —SH, —CHO,

wherein R₀ is hydrogen or methyl and R_(N2) is hydrogen, a linear or branched C₁-C₁₅ alkyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or a substituted- or unsubstituted-phenyl-C₁-C₆ alkyl.

-   60. The method of embodiment 59, wherein the reactive     (meth)acrylamido or (meth)acryloxy monomer is selected from the     group consisting of (meth)acryloyl halides (CH₂═CH—COX or     CH₂═CCH₃—COX, X═Cl or Br), N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of     (meth)acrylic acid, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, isocyanato-C₂-C₆ alkyl     (meth)acrylate, amino-C₂-C₆ alkyl (meth)acrylamide, C₁-C₆     alkylamino-C₂-C₆ alkyl (meth)acrylamide, (meth)acrylic acid, C₂-C₄     alkylacrylic acid (e.g., ethylacrylic acid, propylacrylic acid,     butylacrylic acid), N-2-acrylamidoglycolic acid,     3-(acryloylxy)propanoic acid, C₂-C₆ hydroxylalkyl (meth)acrylate,     C₂-C₆ hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylamide, azlactone-containing vinylic     monomers (e.g., 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-ethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-butyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-vinyl-4,4-dibutyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-dodecyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-isopropenyl-4,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-isopropenyl-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-isopropenyl-4,4-tetramethylene-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-vinyl-4,4-diethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-nonyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-benzyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one,     2-vinyl-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, and     2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolin-6-one, with     2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one (VDMO) and     2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one (IPDMO) as preferred     azlactone-containing vinylic monomers), aziridinyl C₁-C₁₂ alkyl     (meth)acrylate (e.g., 2-(1-aziridinyl) ethyl (meth)acrylate,     3-(1-aziridinyl) propyl (meth)acrylate, 4-(1-aziridinyl) butyl     (meth)acrylate, 6-(1-aziridinyl) hexyl (meth)acrylate, or     8-(1-aziridinyl) octyl (meth)acrylate), acrolein, methacrolein,     crotonaldehyde, and combinations thereof. -   61. The method of embodiment 59 or 60, wherein the reactive     photochromic compound comprises     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxyethoxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2′, 3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxyethoxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2′, 3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2′, 3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2′, 3′: 3,4] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxy-13-propyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,     3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-propyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,11-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,11-dimethoxy-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13-hydroxymethyl-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxymethyl-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno-[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-phenyl-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-phenyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7,10,11-tetramethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7,10,11-tetramethyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-(4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-hydroxymethylenepiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-carboxymethylenepiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-butyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11,13-trimethyl-13-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethoxy)-indeno[2,1-f]naptho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11,13-trimethyl-13-(2-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-indeno[2,1-f]naptho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-diphenyl-13-hydroxy-13-(2-oxo-2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxy-13-(2-oxo-2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-butyl-13-hydroxy-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13,13-diethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13,13-dipropyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13-carbomethoxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-diphenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-13-methyl-13-methyl-13-hydroxyethoxy-ethoxyethoxy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-diphenyl-6,7,10,11-tetramethoxy-13-ethyl-13-methyl-13-hydroxyethoxyethoxy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho [1,2-b]pyran;     6,7-dimthoxy-2,2-diphenyl-13-hydroxy-13-butyl-2H,13H-indeno[1′,2′:     4,3] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     6,7-dimthoxy-2,2-diphenyl-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-2H,13H-indeno[1′,2′:     4,3]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     6,7-dimthoxy-2,2-diphenyl-13-hydroxy-2H,13H-indeno[1′,2′:     4,3]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13,13-dimethy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl)-10-(piperazin-1-yl)-6-trifluoromethyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3:4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl)-10-(4-hydroxybenzamido)-6-trifluoromethyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3:4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl)-10-vinyl-6-trifluoromethyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3:4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl)-10-(carboxylic     acid)-6-trifluoromethyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3:4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)     carboxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran;     3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)     carboxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]     naphtho[1.2-b]pyran;     3-(4-hydroxyethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-(4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-phenyl-6,11-dimethoxy-13-methyl-13-methyl-13-hydroxyethoxyethoxyethoxy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-13-hydroxy-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6,7,10,11-tetramethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6,7,10,11-tetramethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-butyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-13-oxo-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6-methoxy-7-mprphlino-13-methyl-13-methyl-13-hydroxyethoxyethoxyethoxy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6,11-dimethoxy-13-methyl-13-methyl-13-hydroxyethoxy-ethoxy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-morpholinophenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-carboethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]     pyran;     3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-butyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-13-oxo-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno-[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxyethoxy-phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-piperidino-13,13-dimethy-3H,13H-indene[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(2-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-carboxyethoxy)phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-piperidino-13,13-dimethy-3H,13H-indene[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxyethoxy)phenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-phenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-(2-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-carboxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho-[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-piperazinyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indene[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-hydroxymethylenepiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2′,3″: 3.4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)     carboxymethylenepiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3″:     3.4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxypipendin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho-[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-carboxypipendin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl-piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-hydroxy-indeno     [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl-piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-butyn-4-yl)-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho [1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-hydroxymethylene-piperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho-[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(2-hydroxycarbonyl-ethyl)carboxymethylene-piperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2′,3′: 3.4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxymethylene-piperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-carboxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4] naphtho[1.2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-piperazinyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho [1.2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxy-13-(1-oxo-methoxyprop-2-yl)-1H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-phenylpiperazino)-phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4] naphtho[1.2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-phenylpiperazino)phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)     carboxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]     naphtho[1.2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-piperazinylphenyl)-6,11-dimethoxy-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho-[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-piperazinylphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-piperidinyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(decahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)-11-tert-butyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-16-(ethoxycarnobyl)methyl-16-hydroxy-3,16-dihydrobenzofuro-[2′,3′:     7,8]indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-16-(ethoxycarnobyl)-methyl-16-hydroxy-3,16-dihydrobenzofuro     [2″,3″: 6′,7′]indeno-[3′,2′: 4,3]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-16-(ethoxycarnobyl)-methyl-16-hydroxy-3,16-dihydrobenzofuro[2″,3″:     6′,7′]indeno[3′,2′: 4,3] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-16-(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl-16-hydroxy-3,16-dihydro-benzofuro[2′,3′:     7,8]indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-16-hydroxy-16-ethyl-16H-benzofuro[2′,3′:     7,8]indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho [1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-16-hydroxy-16H-benzofuro [2″,3″: 6,7]indeno     [3′,2′: 4,3]naphtho-[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-16-hydroxy-16-ethyl-16H-benzofuro[2″,3″:     6,7]-indeno[3′,2′: 4,3]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,3-diydrobenzofur-5-yl)-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofur-5-yl)-6,11-difluoro-13-hydroxy-13-(1-oxo-methoxyprop-2-yl)-1H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran,     or a mixture thereof. -   62. The method of embodiment 59 or 60, wherein the reactive     photochromic compound is     2,2-di(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxycarbonyl-6-phenyl-9-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methylphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxyethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-8-vinyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxyethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-8-hydroxycarbonyl-2H-naphtho     [1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-phenyl-9-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-carbonyl-6-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-diphenylmethylol-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-diphenylmethylol-6-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethoxylcarbonyl)-6-phenyl-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-9-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-6-phenyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-(3-aminophenyl)-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,5,7-trihydro-7-methylidine-5-oxo-furo-[3′,4′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenylthio-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-9-methoxycarbonyl-8-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy-[3H]-naptho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxycarbonyl-9-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxycarbonyl-8,9-dimethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-carboethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-morpholinocarbonyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-carboethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-carbomethoxy-9-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-morpholinocarbonyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-diphenyl-5-methylol-6-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)methylamino-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-diphenyl-2,5,7-trihydro-7-methyliden-5-oxofuro-[3′,4′:     3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-spiroadamantylene-5-phenylthio-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-diphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2-spiro-admamtylene-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran,     3,3-diphenyl-8-hydroxy-9-carbopropoxy-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran;     2,2,5-triphenyl-6-carboethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2,6-triphenyl-5-(2-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxy)ethoxy)carbonyl-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2,2,6-triphenyl-5-(2-(2-(2-oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-morpholinophenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-carboethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-carbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2-(4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-9-methoxy-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2-(4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-(2-(2-methylprop-2-enoxyloxy)ethoxy)-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethoxy)ethoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl-8-methoxy-[3H]-naptho[1,2-b]pyran;     2-(4-morpholinophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2-(9-ethylcarbazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2-(9-phenylcarbazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3-(2-flurophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl-8-hydroxy-9-carbopropoxy-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran;     3-(2-flurophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl-8-hydroxy-9-carbomethoxy-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran;     3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl-8-hydroxy-9-carbomethoxy-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran;     3-(2,4,6-triflurophenyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethoxy-1-naphthyl)-8-acetyl-9-carboniloyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran;     3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofur-5-yl)-6-methoxy-12-hydroxymethyl-11-phenyl-3H-phenanthro[1,2-b]pyran;     5,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-methylol-5H-fluorantheno[3,2-b]pyran; or     a mixture thereof. -   63. The method of embodiment 59 or 60, wherein the reactive     photochromic compound is     1-hydroxyethyl-3,3-dimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1-hydroxypropyl-3,3-dimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1-aminoethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-chlorospiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1-hydroxyethyl-3,3-dimethyl-8′-methoxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1-(p-vinylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-5,6-dichlorospiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1,3,3-trimethyl-9′-hydroxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1,3,3-trimethyl-5′-hydroxymethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1,3,3-trimethyl-9′-aminospiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1,3,3-trimethyl-5-chloro-8′-hydroxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1-benzyl-3,3-dimethyl-9′-vinylbenzoyloxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1-benzyl-3,3-dimethyl-5′-hydroxymethylpiperidinospironaphthooxazine;     1,3,3-trimethyl-9′-hydroxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido-[2,1-b][1,4]benzooxazine];     5-hydroxy-6′-cyano-1,3,3-trimethyl-spiro-[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     5-hydroxy-6′-phenylsulfonyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-spiro-[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     5′formyl-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine;     1,3-dihydro-6′-piperazino-1,3,3-trimethyl spiro [2H     indole-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine;     1,3-dihydro-6′-(4-hydroxyethyl)piperazino-1,3,3-trimethyl spiro [2H     indole-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine;     1,3-dihydro-9′-hydroxy-1,3,3-trimethyl spiro 92H     indole-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4] oxazine;     1,3,3,4,5-pentamethyl-9′-methoxycarbonyl-8′-hydroxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine;     1,3,3,5,6-pentamethyl-9′-methoxycarbonyl-8′-hydroxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine;     1-propyl-3,3,4,5-tetramethyl-9′-methoxycarbonyl-8′-hydroxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine;     1-propyl-3,3,5,6-tetramethyl-9′-methoxycarbonyl-8′-hydroxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine;     1-methoxyethyl-3,3-dimethyl-9′-allyloxycarbonyl-8′-chloroactoxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine;     1-allyl-3,3-spirocyclohexyl-9′-benzyloxycarbonyl-8′-chloroactoxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine;     5-amino-1,3,3-trimethyl-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido[3,4-f][1,4]benzoxazine;     6-hydroxy-1′,3′,3′,4′,5′-pentamethylspiro[2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2,2′-indoline];     6-hydroxy-1′,3′,3′,5′,6′-pentamethylspiro[2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2,2′-indoline];     5,7-dimethoxy-1′-hydroxy-carbonylethyl-3′,3′-dimethylspiro[2H-1,4-bezoxazine-2,2′-indoline];     7-methoxy-1′-hydroxy-ethyl-3′,3′-dimethylspiro[2H-1,4-bezoxazine-2,2′-indoline];     9′-hydroxy-1-methylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine];     5-chloro-9′-hydroxy-1-methylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine];     8′-hydroxy-1-methylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine];     8′-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-methylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine];     8′-hydroxy-1,4,5-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine];     9′-hydroxy-1-isopropylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine];     9′-hydroxy-1-hexadecyl-spiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine];     9′-hydroxy-1-octadecylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine];     1,1″-(1,5-pentanediyl)bis[3,3-dimethyl]-9′-hydroxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b]     [1,4]oxazine];     1,1″-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[3,3-dimethyl]-5′-hydroxymethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b]     [1,4]oxazine];     1,1″-(1,4-butanediyl)bis[5,6-dichloro-3,3-dimethyl]-8′-hydroxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b]     [1,4]oxazine];     1,3,3-trimethyl-9′-hydroxypiperidinospironaphthooxazine;     3-carboxyethyl-1,1-dimethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[e]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1-carboxyethyl-3,3-dimethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[g]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxyethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[e]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     3,3-dimethyl-1-hydroxyethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[g]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     3-carboxyethyl-1,1-dimethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[e]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido[2,1-b][1,4]benzoxazine];     1-carboxyethyl-3,3-dimethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[g]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido[2,1-b][1,4]benzoxazine];     1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxyethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[e]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido[2,1-b][1,4]benzoxazine];     3,3-dimethyl-1-hydroxyethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[g]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido[2,1-b][1,4]benzoxazine];     5-amino-5′-(2-benzthiazolyl)-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     5-amino-5′-(5′-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxadiazolyl)-1-isopropyl-3,3-dimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     5-amino-5′-(5′-phenyl-2-oxadiazolyl)-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine];     or a mixture thereof. -   64. The method of embodiment 59 or 60, wherein the reactive     photochromic compound is     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxyethoxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxyethoxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran;     3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno     [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; or a mixture thereof. -   65. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 64, wherein said at     least one photochemically functional compound comprises at least one     polymerizable UV/HEVL-absorbing compound. -   66. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 64, wherein said at     least one photochemically functional compound comprises at least one     polymerizable fluorescent compound. -   67. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 66, wherein said at     least one first free radical initiator comprises a benzoylphosphine     initiator and/or an acylgermanium photoinitiator. -   68. The method of embodiment 67, wherein said at least one first     free radical initiator comprises an acylgermanium photoinitiator     that is

-   69. The method of embodiment 67 or 68, wherein the UV or visible     (UV/visible) light is a visible light in a region of from 420 nm to     500 nm. -   70. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 69, wherein the     difference in the concentration of each component of said at least     one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material     between in the first polymerizable composition and in the second     polymerizable fluid composition is about 4.0% or less. -   71. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 69, wherein the     difference in the concentration of each component of said at least     one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material     between in the first polymerizable composition and in the second     polymerizable fluid composition is about 3.0% or less. -   72. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 69, wherein the     difference in the concentration of each component of said at least     one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material     between in the first polymerizable composition and in the second     polymerizable fluid composition is about 2.5%. -   73. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 72, wherein the     circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition is     irradiated for a time period that is from about 5% to about 65% of     the second curing time. -   74. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 72, wherein the     circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition is     irradiated for a time period that is from about 5% to about 50%. -   75. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 72, wherein the     circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition is     irradiated for a time period that is from about 5% to about 40% of     the second curing time. -   76. A hydrogel contact lens obtained according to the method of any     one of embodiments 1 to 75.

The previous disclosure will enable one having ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention. Various modifications, variations, and combinations can be made to the various embodiment described herein. In order to better enable the reader to understand specific embodiments and the advantages thereof, reference to the following examples is suggested. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary.

Example 1 Oxygen Permeability Measurements

Unless specified, the oxygen transmissibility (Dk/t), the intrinsic (or edge-corrected) oxygen permeability (Dk_(i) or Dk_(c)) of a lens and a lens material are determined according to procedures described in ISO 18369-4.

Equilibrium Water Content

The equilibrium water content (EWC) of contact lenses are determined as follows.

Amount of water (expressed as percent by weight) present in a hydrated hydrogel contact lens, which is fully equilibrated in saline solution, is determined at room temperature. Quickly stack the lenses, and transfer the lens stack to the aluminum pan on the analytical balance after blotting lens in a cloth. The number of lenses for each sample pan is typically five (5). Record the pan plus hydrated weight of the lenses. Cover the pan with aluminum foil. Place pans in a laboratory oven at 100±2° C. to dry for 16-18 hours. Remove pan plus lenses from the oven and cool in a desiccator for at least 30 minutes. Remove a single pan from the desiccator, and discard the aluminum foil. Weigh the pan plus dried lens sample on an analytical balance. Repeat for all pans. The wet and dry weight of the lens samples can be calculated by subtracting the weight of the empty weigh pan.

Elastic Modulus

The elastic modulus of a contact lens is determined using a MTS insight instrument. The contact lens is first cut into a 3.12 mm wide strip using Precision Concept two stage cutter. Five thickness values are measured within 6.5 mm gauge length. The strip is mounted on the instrument grips and submerged in PBS (phosphate buffered saline) with the temperature controlled at 21±2° C. Typically 5N Load cell is used for the test. Constant force and speed is applied to the sample until the sample breaks. Force and displacement data are collected by the TestWorks software. The elastic modulus value is calculated by the TestWorks software which is the slope or tangent of the stress vs. strain curve near zero elongation, in the elastic deformation region.

Transmittance

Contact lenses are manually placed into a specially fabricated sample holder or the like which can maintain the shape of the lens as it would be when placing onto eye. This holder is then submerged into a 1 cm path-length quartz cell containing phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH ˜7.0-7.4) as the reference. A UV/visible spectrpohotmeter, such as, Varian Cary 3E UV-Visible Spectrophotometer with a LabSphere DRA-CA-302 beam splitter or the like, can be used in this measurement. Percent transmission spectra are collected at a wavelength range of 250-800 nm with % T values collected at 0.5 nm intervals. This data is transposed onto an Excel spreadsheet and used to determine if the lenses conform to Class 1 UV absorbance.

Transmittance is calculated using the following equations:

UVA % T=Average % Transmission between 315 nm and 380 nm×100

UVB % T=Average % Transmission between 280 nm and 315 nm×100

Violet % T=Average % Transmission between 380 nm and 440 nm×100.

Photo-rheology: The photo-rheology experiment measures the elastic (G′) and viscous modulus (G″) as a function of time during curing. The experiment is conducted by using an appropriate light source, optionally cutoff filters to select wavelengths of interest, and a rheometer. For example, a light source can be a LED that delivers a visible light having a spectral centroid of about 452 nm and a total irradiance of about 54 mW/cm² (OPSYTEC DR. GROEBEL). Alternatively, a light source can be a UV light (Hamamatsu, with 330 nm cut-off filter, total irradiance of 16 mW/cm2). The sample (i.e., a polymerizable composition) is placed between a quartz plate that allows the actinic radiation (i.e., a visible light with a spectral centroid of about 452 nm and a total irradiance of about 54 mW/cm²) to pass through and the rheometer. The curing time of a polymerizable composition is determined when the elastic modulus (G′) reaches a plateau.

Chemicals

PrOH represent 1-propanol; DMA represents N,N-dimethylacrylamide; G-PDMS-D2 represents a hydrophilized polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker of formula (G) (from Shin-Etsu); RhoMA represents a methacryloxyethyl thiocarbamoyl rhodamine B (a fluorescent compound) of formula (R) (from Polysciences); DC 1173 represents Darocur 1173® photoinitiator; Ge—PI represents Bis(4-methoxybenzoyl)diethylgermanium (an acylgermanium photoinitiator); SP-MA represent (2-(3′,3′-Dimethyl-6-nitrospiro[chromene-2,2′-indolin]-1′-yl)ethyl methacrylate) (a spriopyran photochromic dye from BLD Pharma) of formula (S).

Example 2 Polymerizable Compositions

Two polymerizable compositions for forming silicone hydrogel materials are prepared by lending all the required components to have the compositions shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Components (weight part units) G-PDMS-D2 DMA PrOH RhoMA DC 1173 Formulation 2A 34.62 35.26 29.63 0 0.50 Formulation 2B 35.09 34.97 29.40 0.03 0.50

Photo-Rheology Study

Photo-rheology data is acquired by curing Formulation 2A and 2B by using UV light (Hamamatsu, with 330 nm cut-off filter, total irradiance of 16 mW/cm²). The result in FIG. 2 shows that G′ is 120 kPa, and curing time is 20 s.

Fabrication of SiHy Contact Lens with a Central Fluorescent Zone

˜10 mg Formulation 2B is dosed to the center of a female (FC) mold half (made of polypropylene) of a plastic mold (power: −3.0) to form a circular layer, and partially cured by UV light (Hamamatsu, with 330 nm cut-off filter, total irradiance of 16 mW/cm²) for 3 seconds. It is found that this portion (a circular layer) is not able to freely flow in the open FC mold half. ˜30 mg Formulation 2A is added to immerse the partially cured functional part (i.e., the circular layer) and then the mold is closed with the male (BC) mold half to form a molding assembly comprising Formulation 2A and the partially-cured circular layer immersed therein. The molding assembly is further photo cured by the same UV light for 40 seconds.

After curing, the molding assembly is manually opened and SiHy lens is carefully removed using a tweezer with rubber tips. Then the hydrogel lens is hydrated in deionized water.

SiHy contact lenses with different sized fluorescent central zones have been prepared according to the procedures described above except changing the amounts of Formulations 2A and 2B as follows: a) 3 mg Formulation 2B & 37 mg Formulation 2A; b) 6 mg Formulation 2B & 34 mg Formulation 2A; c) 9 mg Formulation 2B & 31 mg Formulation 2A; d) 12 mg Formulation 2B & 28 mg Formulation 2A.

Example 3 Polymerizable Compositions

Two polymerizable compositions for forming silicone hydrogel materials are prepared by lending all the required components to have the compositions shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Components (weight part units) G-PDMS-D2 DMA PrOH Ge_PI SP-MA Formulation 3A 34.93 35.04 29.49 0.53 0 Formulation 3B 34.76 34.87 29.35 0.53 0.49

Photo-Rheology Study

Photo-rheology data is acquired by curing the two formulations prepared above by using 452 nm LED light (OPSYTEC DR. GROEBEL) with a total irradiance of 54 mW/cm². The results are shown in FIG. 3. The replacement of Darocur 1173 with Ge—PI in the Formulation 3A (compared to Formulation 2A) does not cause any effects on G′ (G′=120 kPa for Formulation 3A vs G′=120 kPa for Formulation 2A), but slightly increasing the curing time (24 seconds for Formulation 3A vs 20 seconds for Formulation 2A). With the addition of photochromic dye, the curing time is further slower (30 seconds for Formulations 3B) and G′ has no significant change (G′=119 kPa for Formulation 3B). Therefore, a comparable lens property is expected for these SiHy lenses under LED curing system.

Fabrication of SiHy Lenses with a Central Photochromic Zone

˜10 mg Formulation 3B is dosed to the center of a female (FC) mold half (made of polypropylene) of a plastic mold (power: −3.0) to form a circular layer, and partially cured by LED light for 2 seconds (OPSYTEC DR. GROEBEL, with a total irradiance of 54 mW/cm2). It is observed that the functional portion (circular layer) is not able to freely flow in the open FC mold half. ˜30 mg Formulation 3A is added to immerse the partially cured functional portion, and then the mold is closed to form a molding assembly comprising Formulation 3A and the partially-cured circular layer immersed therein. The molding assembly is further photo cured by the same LED light for 60 seconds.

After curing, the molding assembly is manually opened and the SiHy lens is carefully removed using a tweezer with rubber tips. Then the SiHy lens is hydrated in PBS.

The lens with a central photochromic zone is activated by using a black light lamp for 2 minutes (peaks at 365 nm, total irradiance of 5 mW/cm²). Upon removing the UV light, the SiHy lens gradually faded back to its “off” state. FIG. 4 shows the UV spectra (using a Lambda 850 spectrometer) of the central photochromic zone (“on” state 10 and “off” state 11) and peripheral zone (outside of the central photochromic zone) (“on” state 20 and “off” state 21) before and after the activation.

All the publications and patents which have been cited herein above are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for producing hydrogel contact lenses, comprising the steps of: (1) obtain a first polymerizable fluid composition and a second polymerizable fluid composition, wherein the first polymerizable fluid composition comprises at least one photoinitiator and at least one polymerizable material and is free of any photochemically functional compound, wherein the second polymerizable fluid composition comprises said at least one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material and additionally at least one photochemically functional compound, wherein difference in the concentration of each component of said at least one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material between in the first polymerizable fluid composition and in the second polymerizable fluid composition is about 5.0% or less, wherein said at least one photochemically functional compound is at least one photochromic compound, at least one UV/HEVL absorbing compound, at least one fluorescent compound, at least one color-filtering material for correcting color blindness, at least one diffractive material, at least one high refractive-index material, or combinations thereof, wherein the first polymerizable fluid composition has a first curing time and the second polymerizable fluid composition has a second curing time, wherein the first and second curing times are determined in photo-rheology study using a UV/visible light at a specified intensity; (2) obtaining a lens mold, wherein the lens mold comprises a female mold half having a first molding surface defining the anterior surface of a contact lens to be molded and a male mold half having a second molding surface defining the posterior surface of the contact lens to be molded, wherein the female and male mold halves are configured to receive each other such that a mold cavity is formed between the first and second molding surfaces when the mold is closed; (3) applying an amount of the second polymerizable fluid composition onto a central zone of the first molding of the female mold half to form a circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition, wherein the circular layer has a diameter of about 13.00 mm or less; (4) irradiating with the UV/visible light at the specified intensity the circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition for a time period that is about 5% to about 75% of the second curing time, to partially crosslink the circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition; (5) dispensing an amount of the first polymerizable fluid composition over the partially-crosslinked circular layer on the central zone of the first molding surface; (6) closing the female mold half with the male mold half to form a molding assembly comprising the partially crosslinked circular layer immersed in the first polymerizable fluid composition within the mold cavity; (7) irradiating with the UV/visible light at the specified intensity the molding assembly for a time that is at least about 120% of the first curing time to form an unprocessed hydrogel contact lens having a central zone that has a diameter of about 13 mm or less, is concentric with the central axis of the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens, and possesses at least one photochemical functionality provided by said at least one photochemically functional compound; (8) separating the molding assembly into the male and female mold halves, with the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens adhered onto a lens-adhered mold half which is one of the male and female mold halves; (9) removing the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens from the lens-adhered mold half; and (10) subjecting the unprocessed hydrogel contact lens to post-molding processes including a hydration process and one or more other processes selected from the group consisting of extraction, surface treatment, packaging, sterilization, and combinations thereof.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second polymerizable fluid compositions are capable of forming a non-silicone hydrogel, wherein said at least one polymerizable material is a first monomer mixture comprising (a) at least one first hydrophilic vinylic monomer selected from the group consisting of at least one hydroxyl-containing vinylic monomer, N,N-dimethylarylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, at least one methylene-containing pyrrolidone monomer, and combinations thereof, and (b) at least one component selected from the group consisting of at least one non-silicone vinylic crosslinker, a non-silicone hydrophobic vinylic monomer, a UV-absorbing vinylic monomer, and combinations thereof.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one polymerizable material comprises at least 50% by weight of at least one hydroxyl-containing vinylic monomer, relative to the total weight of all polymerizable materials present in the first polymerizable fluid composition.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second polymerizable fluid compositions are capable of forming a non-silicone hydrogel, wherein said at least one polymerizable material is a reactive mixture comprising (a) one or more water-soluble non-silicone prepolymers and optionally (b) at least one component selected from the group consisting of a hydrophilic vinylic monomer, a non-silicone vinylic crosslinker, a non-silicone hydrophobic vinylic monomer, a UV-absorbing vinylic monomer, and combinations thereof.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second polymerizable fluid compositions are capable of forming a silicone hydrogel, wherein said at least one polymerizable material is a second monomer mixture comprising (a) at least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer, (b) at least one polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker, at least one non-silicone vinylic crosslinker, or both, (c) at least one second hydrophilic vinylic monomer, and optionally (d) at least one component selected from the group consisting of a non-silicone hydrophobic vinylic monomer, a UV-absorbing vinylic monomer, and combinations thereof, wherein said at least one second hydrophilic vinylic monomer comprises at least one hydrophilic (meth)acrylamido monomer having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, at least one hydrophilic (meth)acryloxy monomer, at least one hydrophilic N-vinyl amide monomer, at least one methylene-containing pyrrolidone monomer, at least one vinyl ether monomer, at least one allyl ether monomer, at least one phosphorylcholine-containing vinylic monomer, N-2-hydroxyethyl vinyl carbamate, N-vinyloxycarbonyl-β-alanine, N-vinyloxycarbonyl-α-alanine, or (i) combinations thereof, wherein said at least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer comprises (i) at least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer containing a tris(trialkylsiloxy)silyl group and one sole ethylenically-unsaturated group selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acryloyloxy group, a (meth)acryloylamino group, a vinyl carbonate group, and a vinylcarbamate group; (ii) at least one silicone-containing vinylic monomer containing a bis(trialkylsilyloxy)-alkylsilyl group and one sole ethylenically-unsaturated group selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acryloyloxy group, a (meth)acryloylamino group, a vinyl carbonate group, and a vinylcarbamate group; (iii) at least silicone-containing vinylic monomer containing a) one sole ethylenically-unsaturated group selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acryloyloxy group, a (meth)acryloylamino group, a vinyl carbonate group, and a vinylcarbamate group and b) a polysiloxane chain having 2 to 30 siloxane units and terminated with an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or methoxyalkyl group; or (iv) combinations thereof.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second monomer mixture comprises at least one polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker of formula (H)

in which: d1 is an integer of from 30 to 500 and d2 is an integer of from 1 to 75, provided that d2/d1 is from about 0.035 to about 0.15 (preferably from about 0.040 to about 0.12, more preferably from about 0.045 to about 0.10); X_(h1) is O or NR_(hN) in which R_(hN) is hydrogen or C₁-C₁₀-alkyl; R_(h0) is hydrogen or methyl; R_(h1) and R_(h2) independently of each other are a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkylene divalent radical or a divalent radical of —R_(h4)—O—R_(h5)— in which R_(h4) and R_(h5) independently of each other are a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkylene divalent radical; R_(h3) is a monovalent radical of any one of formula (H-a) to (H-e)

k1 is zero or 1; m1 is an integer of 2 to 4; m2 is an integer of 1 to 5; m3 is an integer of 3 to 6; m4 is an integer of 2 to 5; R_(h6) is hydrogen or methyl; R_(h7) is a C₂-C₆ hydrocarbon radical having (m2+1) valencies; R_(h8) is a C₂-C₆ hydrocarbon radical having (m4+1) valencies; R_(h9) is ethyl or hydroxymethyl; R_(h10) is methyl or hydromethyl; R_(h11) is hydroxyl or methoxy; X_(h1) is a sulfur linkage of —S— or a teriary amino linkage of —NR_(h12)— in which R_(h12) is C₁-C₁ alkyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, or 2,3-dihydroxypropyl; and X_(h2) is a linkage of

in which R_(h13) is hydrogen or C₁-C₁₀ alkyl.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the second monomer mixture comprises (i) at least one polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker having one sole polydiorganosiloxane segment and two terminal ethylenically-unsaturated groups selected from the group consisting of (meth)acryloyloxy groups, (meth)acryloylamino groups, vinyl carbonate groups, vinylcarbamate groups; and/or (ii) at least one chain-extended polysiloxane vinylic crosslinker having at least two polydiorganosiloxane segment and a covalent linker between each pair of polydiorganosiloxane segments and two two terminal ethylenically-unsaturated groups selected from the group consisting of (meth)acryloyloxy groups, (meth)acryloylamino groups, vinyl carbonate groups, vinylcarbamate groups.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the sum of the amounts of components (a), (b) and (c) in the second monomer mixture is at least about 60% by weight relative to the total weight of all polymerizable materials present in the second monomer mixture.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one polymerizable material comprises: (i) at least one non-silicone vinylic crosslinker selected from the group consisting of ethyleneglycol di-(meth)acrylate, diethyleneglycol di-(meth)acrylate, triethyleneglycol di-(meth)acrylate, tetraethyleneglycol di-(meth)acrylate, glycerol di-(meth)acrylate, 1,3-propanediol di-(meth)acrylate, 1,3-butanediol di-(meth)acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di-(meth)acrylate, glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate di-(meth)acrylate, ethylenebis[oxy(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)] di-(meth)acrylate, bis[2-(meth)acryloxyethyl] phosphate, trimethylolpropane di-(meth)acrylate, and 3,4-bis[(meth)acryloyl]tetrahydrofuan, diacrylamide (i.e., N-(1-oxo-2-propenyl)-2-propenamide), dimethacrylamide (i.e., N-(1-oxo-2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenamide), N,N-di(meth)acryloyl-N-methylamine, N,N-di(meth)acryloyl-N-ethylamine, N,N′-methylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N,N′-ethylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N,N′-dihydroxyethylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N,N′-propylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N,N′-2-hydroxypropylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N,N′-2,3-dihydroxybutylene bis(meth)acrylamide, 1,3-bis(meth)acrylamide-propane-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate (i.e., N,N′-2-phophonyloxypropylene bis(meth)acrylamide), piperazine diacrylamide (or 1,4-bis(meth)acryloyl piperazine), tetraethyleneglycol divinyl ether, triethyleneglycol divinyl ether, diethyleneglycol divinyl ether, ethyleneglycol divinyl ether, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethylopropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, bisphenol A dimethacrylate, and combinations thereof; (ii) at least one non-silicone hydrophobic vinylic monomer which comprises at least one C₁-C₈ alkyl (meth)acrylate, at least one C₅-C₁₆ cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate, at least one aryl methacrylate, (meth)acrylonitrile, at least one fluorine-containing acrylic monomer, at least one vinyl alkanoate, at least one vinyloxyalkane, at least one substituted or unsubstituted styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, 1-butene, or combinations thereof; (iii) at least one UV-absorbing vinylic monomer; or (iv) combinations thereof.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the difference in the concentration of each component of said at least one photoinitiator and said at least one polymerizable material between in the first polymerizable composition and in the second polymerizable fluid composition is about 4.0% or less.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the circular layer of the second polymerizable fluid composition is irradiated for a time period that is from about 5% to about 65% of the second curing time.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said at least one photochemically functional compound comprises at least one polymerizable UV/HEVL-absorbing compound.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said at least one photochemically functional compound comprises at least one polymerizable fluorescent compound.
 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the second polymerizable fluid composition comprises at least one photochromic compound that comprises a naphthopyran, an indeno-fused naphthopyran (i.e., indeno-naphthopyran), a heterocyclic ring-fused naphthopyrian, a benzopyran, a phenanthropyran, a quinopyran, a quinolinopyran, a fluoroanthenopyran, an anthracene-fused pyran, a tetracene-fused pyran, a spiro(benzindoline) naphthopyran, a spiro(indoline)naphthopyran, a spiro(indoline)benzopyran, a spiro(indoline)quinopyran, a spiro(indoline)pyran, a naphthoxazine, a spirobenzopyran, a spirobenzothiopyran, a naphthacenedione, a benzoxazine, a spirooxazine, a naphthoxazine, a spiro(benzindoline)naphthoxazine, a spiro(indoline)naphthoxazine, a spiro(indoline)pyrido-benzoxazine, a spiro(indoline)benzoxazine, a spiro(benzindoline) benzoxazine, a spiro(benzindoline)pyridobenzoxazine, a spiro(indoline) fluoranthenoxazine, a spiro(indoline)-quinoxazine, a spiropiperidine-naphthopyran, a piro(indoline)pyronobenzoxazinone, a benzospiropyran, a naphthospiropyran, a spirobenzoxazine-pyrrolopyridine, a spironaphthoxazine-pyrrolopyrridine, a spiro-oxazepin-benzoxazine, a spiro-oxazepin-naphthoxazine, a spiro(indoline) benzothiazoloxazine, a spiro(indoline)benzopyrroloxazine, a spiro(indoline)quinazolino-oxazine, a spiro(indoline)-anthracenobenzoxazine, a benzofurobenzopyran, a benzothienobenzopyran, a naphthofurobenzopyran, a benzopyrano-fused naphthopyran, a spiro(isoindoline)-naphthoxazine, a spiro(isoindoline)benzoxazine, or a mixture thereof.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said at least one photochromic compound is polymerizable (i.e., comprising an ethylenicaly-unsaturated group).
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said at least one photochromic compound is a coupling reaction product of a reactive (meth)acrylamido or (meth)acryloxy monomer having a first reactive functional group and a reactive photochromic compound have a second reactive functional group in the absence or presence of a coupling agent under coupling reaction, wherein the first reactive functional group is selected from the group consisting of —COCl, —COBr, —COOH, —NHR_(N2), —NCO, —OH, —CHO,

wherein the second reactive functional group is selected from the group consisting of —COOH, —NHR_(N2),

—NCO, —OH, —SH, —CHO,

wherein R₀ is hydrogen or methyl and R_(N2) is hydrogen, a linear or branched C₁-C₁₅ alkyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or a substituted- or unsubstituted-phenyl-C₁-C₆ alkyl.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the reactive (meth)acrylamido or (meth)acryloxy monomer is selected from the group consisting of (meth)acryloyl halides (CH₂═CH—COX or CH₂═CCH₃—COX, X═Cl or Br), N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of (meth)acrylic acid, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, isocyanato-C₂-C₆ alkyl (meth)acrylate, amino-C₂-C₆ alkyl (meth)acrylamide, C₁-C₆ alkylamino-C₂-C₆ alkyl (meth)acrylamide, (meth)acrylic acid, C₂-C₄ alkylacrylic acid (e.g., ethylacrylic acid, propylacrylic acid, butylacrylic acid), N-2-acrylamidoglycolic acid, 3-(acryloylxy)propanoic acid, C₂-C₆ hydroxylalkyl (meth)acrylate, C₂-C₆ hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylamide, azlactone-containing vinylic monomers (e.g., 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-ethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-butyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-vinyl-4,4-dibutyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-dodecyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-isopropenyl-4,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-isopropenyl-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-isopropenyl-4,4-tetramethylene-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-vinyl-4,4-diethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-nonyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-benzyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, 2-vinyl-4,4-pentamethylene-1,3-oxazolin-5-one, and 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolin-6-one, with 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one (VDMO) and 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one (IPDMO) as preferred azlactone-containing vinylic monomers), aziridinyl C₁-C₁₂ alkyl (meth)acrylate (e.g., 2-(1-aziridinyl) ethyl (meth)acrylate, 3-(1-aziridinyl) propyl (meth)acrylate, 4-(1-aziridinyl) butyl (meth)acrylate, 6-(1-aziridinyl) hexyl (meth)acrylate, or 8-(1-aziridinyl) octyl (meth)acrylate), acrolein, methacrolein, crotonaldehyde, and combinations thereof.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the reactive photochromic compound comprises 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxyethoxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxyethoxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno [2′,3′: 3,4] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxy-13-propyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-propyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,11-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,11-dimethoxy-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13-hydroxymethyl-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxymethyl-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno-[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-phenyl-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-phenyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7,10,11-tetramethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7,10,11-tetramethyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-(4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-hydroxymethylenepiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-carboxymethylenepiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-butyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11,13-trimethyl-13-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethoxy)-indeno[2,1-f]naptho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11,13-trimethyl-13-(2-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-indeno[2,1-f]naptho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-diphenyl-13-hydroxy-13-(2-oxo-2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxy-13-(2-oxo-2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-butyl-13-hydroxy-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13,13-diethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13,13-dipropyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13-carbomethoxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-diphenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-13-methyl-13-methyl-13-hydroxyethoxy-ethoxyethoxy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-diphenyl-6,7,10,11-tetramethoxy-13-ethyl-13-methyl-13-hydroxyethoxyethoxy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho [1,2-b]pyran; 6,7-dimthoxy-2,2-diphenyl-13-hydroxy-13-butyl-2H,13H-indeno[1′,2′: 4,3] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 6,7-dimthoxy-2,2-diphenyl-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-2H,13H-indeno[1′,2′: 4,3]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 6,7-dimthoxy-2,2-diphenyl-13-hydroxy-2H,13H-indeno[1′,2′: 4,3]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-7-methoxy-11-phenyl-13,13-dimethy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl)-10-(piperazin-1-yl)-6-trifluoromethyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3:4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl)-10-(4-hydroxybenzamido)-6-trifluoromethyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3:4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl)-10-vinyl-6-trifluoromethyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3:4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl)-10-(carboxylic acid)-6-trifluoromethyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3:4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl) carboxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran; 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl) carboxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4] naphtho[1.2-b]pyran; 3-(4-hydroxyethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-(4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-phenyl-6,11-dimethoxy-13-methyl-13-methyl-13-hydroxyethoxyethoxyethoxy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-13-hydroxy-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6,7,10,11-tetramethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6,7,10,11-tetramethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-butyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno [2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-13-oxo-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6-methoxy-7-mprphlino-13-methyl-13-methyl-13-hydroxyethoxyethoxyethoxy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6,11-dimethoxy-13-methyl-13-methyl-13-hydroxyethoxy-ethoxy-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-morpholinophenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-carboethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b] pyran; 3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-13-hydroxy-13-butyl-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-13-oxo-3H,13H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno-[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxyethoxy-phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-piperidino-13,13-dimethy-3H,13H-indene[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(2-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-carboxyethoxy)phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-piperidino-13,13-dimethy-3H,13H-indene[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxyethoxy)phenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxy-phenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-(2-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-carboxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho-[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-piperazinyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indene[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-hydroxymethylenepiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno [2′,3″: 3.4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl) carboxymethylenepiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3″: 3.4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxypipendin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho-[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-carboxypipendin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl-piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-hydroxy-indeno [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl-piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-13,13-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-butyn-4-yl)-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho [1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-hydroxymethylene-piperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho-[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(2-hydroxycarbonyl-ethyl)carboxymethylene-piperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno [2′,3′: 3.4]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxymethylene-piperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1.2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-carboxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4] naphtho[1.2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-piperazinyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho [1.2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxy-13-(1-oxo-methoxyprop-2-yl)-1H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-phenylpiperazino)-phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4] naphtho[1.2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(4-phenylpiperazino)phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl) carboxypiperidin-1-yl)-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4] naphtho[1.2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-piperazinylphenyl)-6,11-dimethoxy-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho-[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-piperazinylphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-piperidinyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-6-methoxy-7-(decahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)-11-tert-butyl-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-16-(ethoxycarnobyl)methyl-16-hydroxy-3,16-dihydrobenzofuro-[2′,3′: 7,8]indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-16-(ethoxycarnobyl)-methyl-16-hydroxy-3,16-dihydrobenzofuro [2″,3″: 6′,7′]indeno-[3′,2′: 4,3]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-16-(ethoxycarnobyl)-methyl-16-hydroxy-3,16-dihydrobenzofuro[2″,3″: 6′,7′]indeno[3′,2′: 4,3] naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-16-(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl-16-hydroxy-3,16-dihydro-benzofuro[2′,3′: 7,8]indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-16-hydroxy-16-ethyl-16H-benzofuro[2′,3′: 7,8]indeno[2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho [1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-16-hydroxy-16H-benzofuro [2″,3″: 6,7]indeno [3′,2′: 4,3]naphtho-[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-16-hydroxy-16-ethyl-16H-benzofuro[2″,3″: 6,7]-indeno[3′,2′: 4,3]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,3-diydrobenzofur-5-yl)-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofur-5-yl)-6,11-difluoro-13-hydroxy-13-(1-oxo-methoxyprop-2-yl)-1H-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran, or a mixture thereof.
 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the reactive photochromic compound is 2,2-di(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxycarbonyl-6-phenyl-9-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methylphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxyethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-8-vinyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxyethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-8-hydroxycarbonyl-2H-naphtho [1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-phenyl-9-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-carbonyl-6-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-diphenylmethylol-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-diphenylmethylol-6-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethoxylcarbonyl)-6-phenyl-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-9-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-6-phenyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-(3-aminophenyl)-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,5,7-trihydro-7-methylidine-5-oxo-furo-[3′,4′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenylthio-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-hydroxy-13-methyl-indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-9-methoxycarbonyl-8-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy-[3H]-naptho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxycarbonyl-9-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxycarbonyl-8,9-dimethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-carboethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-morpholinocarbonyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-carboethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-carbomethoxy-9-methoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-morpholinocarbonyl-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-diphenyl-5-methylol-6-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)methylamino-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-diphenyl-2,5,7-trihydro-7-methyliden-5-oxofuro-[3′,4′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-spiroadamantylene-5-phenylthio-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-diphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2-spiro-admamtylene-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran, 3,3-diphenyl-8-hydroxy-9-carbopropoxy-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran; 2,2,5-triphenyl-6-carboethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2,6-triphenyl-5-(2-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxy)ethoxy)carbonyl-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2,2,6-triphenyl-5-(2-(2-(2-oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-morpholinophenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-carboethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-carbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2-(4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-9-methoxy-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2-(4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-(2-(2-methylprop-2-enoxyloxy)ethoxy)-[2H]-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethoxy)ethoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl-8-methoxy-[3H]-naptho[1,2-b]pyran; 2-(4-morpholinophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2-(9-ethylcarbazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2-(9-phenylcarbazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3-(2-flurophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl-8-hydroxy-9-carbopropoxy-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran; 3-(2-flurophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl-8-hydroxy-9-carbomethoxy-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran; 3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl-8-hydroxy-9-carbomethoxy-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran; 3-(2,4,6-triflurophenyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethoxy-1-naphthyl)-8-acetyl-9-carboniloyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofur-5-yl)-6-methoxy-12-hydroxymethyl-11-phenyl-3H-phenanthro[1,2-b]pyran; 5,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-methylol-5H-fluorantheno[3,2-b]pyran; or a mixture thereof.
 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the reactive photochromic compound is 1-hydroxyethyl-3,3-dimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1-hydroxypropyl-3,3-dimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1-aminoethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-chlorospiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1-hydroxyethyl-3,3-dimethyl-8′-methoxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1-(p-vinylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-5,6-dichlorospiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1,3,3-trimethyl-9′-hydroxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1,3,3-trimethyl-5′-hydroxymethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1,3,3-trimethyl-9′-aminospiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1,3,3-trimethyl-5-chloro-8′-hydroxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1-benzyl-3,3-dimethyl-9′-vinylbenzoyloxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1-benzyl-3,3-dimethyl-5′-hydroxymethylpiperidinospironaphthooxazine; 1,3,3-trimethyl-9′-hydroxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido-[2,1-b][1,4]benzooxazine]; 5-hydroxy-6′-cyano-1,3,3-trimethyl-spiro-[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 5-hydroxy-6′-phenylsulfonyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-spiro-[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 5′formyl-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine; 1,3-dihydro-6′-piperazino-1,3,3-trimethyl spiro [2H indole-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine; 1,3-dihydro-6′-(4-hydroxyethyl)piperazino-1,3,3-trimethyl spiro [2H indole-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine; 1,3-dihydro-9′-hydroxy-1,3,3-trimethyl spiro 92H indole-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4] oxazine; 1,3,3,4,5-pentamethyl-9′-methoxycarbonyl-8′-hydroxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine; 1,3,3,5,6-pentamethyl-9′-methoxycarbonyl-8′-hydroxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine; 1-propyl-3,3,4,5-tetramethyl-9′-methoxycarbonyl-8′-hydroxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine; 1-propyl-3,3,5,6-tetramethyl-9′-methoxycarbonyl-8′-hydroxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine; 1-methoxyethyl-3,3-dimethyl-9′-allyloxycarbonyl-8′-chloroactoxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine; 1-allyl-3,3-spirocyclohexyl-9′-benzyloxycarbonyl-8′-chloroactoxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine; 5-amino-1,3,3-trimethyl-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido[3,4-f][1,4]benzoxazine; 6-hydroxy-1′,3′,3′,4′,5′-pentamethylspiro[2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2,2′-indoline]; 6-hydroxy-1′,3′,3′,5′,6′-pentamethylspiro[2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2,2′-indoline]; 5,7-dimethoxy-1′-hydroxy-carbonylethyl-3′,3′-dimethylspiro[2H-1,4-bezoxazine-2,2′-indoline]; 7-methoxy-1′-hydroxy-ethyl-3′,3′-dimethylspiro[2H-1,4-bezoxazine-2,2′-indoline]; 9′-hydroxy-1-methylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine]; 5-chloro-9′-hydroxy-1-methylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine]; 8′-hydroxy-1-methylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine]; 8′-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-methylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine]; 8′-hydroxy-1,4,5-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine]; 9′-hydroxy-1-isopropylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine]; 9′-hydroxy-1-hexadecyl-spiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine]; 9′-hydroxy-1-octadecylspiro[indoline-2,3′-(3H)-naphtho(2,1-b)-1,4-oxazine]; 1,1″-(1,5-pentanediyl)bis[3,3-dimethyl]-9′-hydroxy-spiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b] [1,4]oxazine]; 1,1″-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[3,3-dimethyl]-5′-hydroxymethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b] [1,4]oxazine]; 1,1″-(1,4-butanediyl)bis[5,6-dichloro-3,3-dimethyl]-8′-hydroxyspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b] [1,4]oxazine]; 1,3,3-trimethyl-9′-hydroxypiperidinospironaphthooxazine; 3-carboxyethyl-1,1-dimethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[e]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1-carboxyethyl-3,3-dimethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[g]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxyethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[e]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 3,3-dimethyl-1-hydroxyethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[g]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 3-carboxyethyl-1,1-dimethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[e]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido[2,1-b][1,4]benzoxazine]; 1-carboxyethyl-3,3-dimethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[g]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido[2,1-b][1,4]benzoxazine]; 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxyethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[e]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido[2,1-b][1,4]benzoxazine]; 3,3-dimethyl-1-hydroxyethyl-9′-methoxyspiro[benz[g]-indoline-2,3′-[3H]-pyrido[2,1-b][1,4]benzoxazine]; 5-amino-5′-(2-benzthiazolyl)-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 5-amino-5′-(5′-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxadiazolyl)-1-isopropyl-3,3-dimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; 5-amino-5′-(5′-phenyl-2-oxadiazolyl)-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]; or a mixture thereof.
 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the reactive photochromic compound is 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxyethoxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)carboxyethoxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,11-dimethyl-13-hydroxy-13-phenyl-3H,13H-indeno [2′,3′: 3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; or a mixture thereof. 